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Shloka 2

Adhyaya 14The Messenger of Yama Explains Karmic Retribution and the Causes of Naraka Torments

यमकिङ्कर उवाच महराज ! यथात्थ त्वं तथैतन्नात्र संशयः ।

किन्तु स्वल्पं कृतं पापं भवता स्मारयामि तत् ॥

yamakiṅkara uvāca mahārāja ! yathāttha tvaṃ tathaitannātra saṃśayaḥ / kintu svalpaṃ kṛtaṃ pāpaṃ bhavatā smārayāmi tat

ทูตแห่งพระยมกล่าวว่า: “ข้าแต่มหาราช สิ่งที่พระองค์ตรัสนั้นเป็นความจริงแท้—ปราศจากข้อสงสัย แต่ข้าพเจ้าจะเตือนให้ทรงระลึกถึงบาปเล็กน้อยประการหนึ่งที่พระองค์ได้กระทำไว้”

yama-kiṅkaraḥYama’s servant
yama-kiṅkaraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Speaker)
TypeNoun
Rootyama (प्रातिपदिक) + kiṅkara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमास: तत्पुरुष (षष्ठी) ‘यमस्य किङ्करः’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
mahārājaO great king
mahārāja:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootmahārāja (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमास: कर्मधारय ‘महान् राजा’; पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन एकवचन (Vocative singular)
yathāas
yathā:
Avyaya-bhāva (अव्ययभाव)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
Formतुलन/प्रकारवाचक अव्यय (as/just as)
ātthayou have said
āttha:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootah (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन
tvamyou
tvam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, प्रथमा एकवचन (Nominative singular)
tathāso/thus
tathā:
Avyaya-bhāva (अव्ययभाव)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, ‘so/thus’ (correlative to yathā)
etatthis
etat:
Karta (कर्ता; of implied ‘asti’)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (Nominative singular)
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध/Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक अव्यय (negation)
atrahere/in this matter
atra:
Deśa (देश/Place)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatra (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक अव्यय (locative adverb)
saṃśayaḥdoubt
saṃśayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; of implied ‘asti’)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃśaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन
kintubut
kintu:
Avyaya-bhāva (अव्ययभाव)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkintu (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/अपवादबोधक अव्यय (but/however)
svalpamsmall
svalpam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsvalpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; qualifying pāpam
kṛtamdone/committed
kṛtam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkṛta (कृदन्त, √kṛ)
Formभूतकृदन्त, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; qualifying pāpam
pāpamsin
pāpam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootpāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Accusative singular)
bhavatāby you (sir)
bhavatā:
Karaṇa/Kartṛ (करण/कर्ता in passive sense ‘done by you’)
TypeNoun
Rootbhavat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formभवत् (honorific pronoun), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन (Instrumental singular)
smārayāmiI remind (you)
smārayāmi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsmṛ (धातु) [causative: स्मारयति]
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; णिच्-प्रयोग (causative)
tatthat
tat:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Accusative singular)
Yamakiṅkara (messenger of Yama) addressing the questioned person (called ‘mahārāja’)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Yama
DharmaKarmic specificityNaraka causationConfession/remembrance

FAQs

Purāṇic ethics often stress that ‘minor’ acts can be major when they violate a protected boundary (especially sexual/ritual boundaries). The messenger frames karma as exact: one decisive breach can dominate a lifetime of routine merit.

Dharma-kathā (ethical narrative) rather than the five-lakṣaṇa cosmological-historical core.

‘Reminder’ indicates that karmic fruits correspond to latent impressions (saṃskāras); the agent of Yama functions like awakened memory revealing the true knot (granthi) behind suffering.