Shloka 14

Adhyaya 14 — The Messenger of Yama Explains Karmic Retribution and the Causes of Naraka Torments

Sanskrit

एताश्चान्याश्च दृश्यन्ते यातनाः पापकर्मिणाम् ।

येन कर्मविपाकेन तन्ममाशेषतो वद ॥

Transliteration

etāś cānyāś ca dṛśyante yātanāḥ pāpa-karmiṇām / yena karma-vipākena tan mamāśeṣato vada //

Translation

สำหรับผู้ทำบาป มีความทรมานเหล่านี้และอีกมากมายปรากฏให้เห็น สิ่งเหล่านี้เกิดจากการสุกงอมของกรรมใด? จงบอกข้าพเจ้าทั้งหมดโดยไม่เหลือเลย

Word by Word

• एताः: these
• एताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; demonstrative pronoun

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• अन्याः: other
• अन्याः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; Nominative plural

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• दृश्यन्ते: are seen/appear
• दृश्यन्ते: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; Present indicative, 3rd person plural; आत्मनेपद (passive-like ‘are seen/appear’)

• यातनाः: tortures/punishments
• यातनाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yātanā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; Nominative plural

• पाप-कर्मिणाम्: of the evil-doers
• पाप-कर्मिणाम्: Sambandha/Śeṣa (सम्बन्ध/शेष)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक) + karman (प्रातिपदिक) + -in (तद्धित)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन; Genitive plural; तत्पुरुष (पापं कर्म येषां ते)

• येन: by which
• येन: Karaṇa/Hetu (करण/हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया, एकवचन; relative pronoun; Instrumental singular

• कर्म-विपाकेन: by the ripening/result of karma
• कर्म-विपाकेन: Karaṇa/Hetu (करण/हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karma (प्रातिपदिक) + vipāka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; Instrumental singular; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (कर्मणः विपाकः)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; demonstrative pronoun

• मम: to me/of me
• मम: Sampradāna/Sambandha (सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी, एकवचन; Genitive singular (pronoun)

• अशेषतः: completely
• अशेषतः: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: aśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (क्रियाविशेषण), तसिल्-प्रत्ययार्थ ‘-तः’ = ‘entirely/without remainder’

• वद: tell/speak
• वद: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vad (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (आज्ञार्थ), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; Imperative, 2nd person singular; परस्मैपद

Speakers

• King to Yama’s messenger

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Yama

Key Themes

• Karma-vipāka
• Moral causation
• Didactic inquiry

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The king’s demand for completeness reflects the Purāṇic aim: to educate through clear causality—actions are not random; consequences have intelligible moral roots.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

This is instructional discourse on dharma/adharma and karmaphala; it is supportive material rather than one of the five defining historical-cosmic topics.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Aśeṣataḥ’ points to total-accounting: no fragment of karma is lost; the subtle ledger (adṛṣṭa) matures into experience until knowledge and right action transform the trajectory.