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Shloka 11

Adhyaya 12The Son Describes the Narakas: Mahāraurava, Tamas, Nikṛntana, Apratiṣṭha, Asipatravana, and Taptakumbha

शीतार्तास्तत्र धावन्तो नरास्तमसि दारुणे ।

परस्परं समासाद्य परिरभ्याश्रयन्ति च ॥

śītārtās tatra dhāvanto narās tamasi dāruṇe /

parasparaṃ samāsādya parirabhya āśrayanti ca

ผู้คนที่ถูกความหนาวบีบคั้นวิ่งวุ่นอยู่ในความมืดอันน่าสะพรึงนั้น; เมื่อพบกันก็โอบกอดและเกาะเกี่ยวกันเพื่อเป็นที่พึ่ง (เพื่อความอบอุ่น)

शीतार्ताःafflicted by cold
शीतार्ताः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootśīta + ārta (प्रातिपदिक-समास)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (śītena ārtāḥ = ‘distressed by cold’), विशेषणम् ‘नराः’
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (locative adverb)
धावन्तःrunning
धावन्तः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Root√dhāv (धातु) + śatṛ (कृत् प्रत्यय)
Formवर्तमानकाले कृदन्त (present active participle/शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् ‘नराः’
नराःmen
नराः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन
तमसिin darkness
तमसि:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roottamas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी विभक्ति (Locative/सप्तमी), एकवचन
दारुणेterrible
दारुणे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdāruṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् ‘तमसि’
परस्परम्each other
परस्परम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootparaspara (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय, परस्परार्थक क्रियाविशेषण (reciprocal adverb)
समासाद्यhaving approached
समासाद्य:
Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsam-ā-√sad (धातु) + lyap (कृत् प्रत्यय)
Formक्त्वान्त/ल्यप् अव्ययीभाव-रूप (gerund/absolutive), पूर्वक्रिया (having approached)
परिरभ्यhaving embraced
परिरभ्य:
Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpari-√rabh (धातु) + lyap (कृत् प्रत्यय)
Formक्त्वान्त/ल्यप् (gerund), पूर्वक्रिया (having embraced)
आश्रयन्तिthey take refuge/hold on
आश्रयन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√śri (धातु)
Formलट् लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (conjunction)
Unspecified in provided excerpt

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Karma-phalaIsolation vs dependenceNaraka

FAQs

When dharma is lost, even basic security vanishes; the frantic search for warmth symbolizes that selfish life ends in helpless dependence and fear.

Ethical instruction via afterlife narrative; not a core pancalakṣaṇa head, but a supporting didactic passage.

Embracing in darkness suggests the soul’s attempt to find ‘self’ through others when inner light is absent; the remedy implied is cultivating sattva (clarity) through dharma.