Shloka 50

Adhyaya 1 — Jaimini’s Questions on the Mahabharata and the Origin of the Wise Birds

Sanskrit

यस्माद् दुःखार्जितस्येह तपसो विघ्नकारणात् ।

आगतासि मदोन्मत्ते मम दुःखाय खेचरि ॥

Transliteration

yasmād duḥkhārjitasyeha tapaso vighnakāraṇāt /

āgatāsi madonmatte mama duḥkhāya khecari //

Translation

เพราะเจ้ามาที่นี่ในฐานะผู้ก่ออุปสรรคแก่ตบะที่เราบำเพ็ญด้วยความยากลำบาก โอผู้หลงมัวเมา โอผู้ท่องนภา เจ้าจึงมาถึงเพื่อความเศร้าของเรา

Word by Word

• यस्मात्: since/because
• यस्मात्: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय-प्रयोग (correlative), हेत्वर्थे ‘because/since’ (यतः-ततः सम्बन्ध)

• दुःख-अर्जितस्य: of (tapas) earned through suffering
• दुःख-अर्जितस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुःख (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्जित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, √अर्ज्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तपसः विशेषण (qualifier of ‘tapas’)

• इह: here/in this world
• इह: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; देश/प्रसङ्गवाचक (adverb)

• तपसः: of austerity
• तपसः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• विघ्न-कारणात्: from (being) the cause of obstruction
• विघ्न-कारणात्: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विघ्न (प्रातिपदिक) + कारण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; अपादानार्थ (from the cause)

• आगतासि: you have come
• आगतासि: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-गम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (perfect), मध्यम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• मद-उन्मत्ते: O intoxicated one (with pride)
• मद-उन्मत्ते: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद (प्रातिपदिक) + उन्मत्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन; संबोधन (vocative address)

• मम: my
• मम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• दुःखाय: for (my) sorrow
• दुःखाय: Sampradāna/Prayojana (सम्प्रदान/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; प्रयोजन/सम्प्रदानार्थ (for)

• खेचरि: O sky-goer (celestial)
• खेचरि: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: खेचरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन; संबोधन

Speakers

• Unspecified ascetic/speaker addressing a khecarī (contextual dialogue within Markandeya Purana Adhyāya 1)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "raudra", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Tapas
• Vighna (obstacles to spiritual practice)
• Self-control vs. pride
• Ascetic endurance

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Austerity (tapas) is portrayed as something gained through hardship and therefore easily threatened by distractions and impediments. The verse frames pride/intoxication (mada) and disruptive forces as catalysts for suffering, implying that spiritual effort requires vigilance, restraint, and discrimination (viveka) against temptations and interruptions.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

This verse is primarily narrative-ethical instruction rather than a direct exposition of the pañcalakṣaṇa topics. It aligns most closely with ancillary dharma/ācāra material (conduct supporting tapas) rather than sarga (creation), pratisarga, vaṃśa, manvantara, or vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘khecarī’ can be read symbolically as a subtle, alluring, ‘sky-moving’ distraction—restless thought, desire, or pride—that intrudes upon concentrated practice. The ascetic’s lament highlights an inner yogic battle: tapas is the heat of transformation, while vighnas are the psychic forces that attempt to dissipate that heat into duḥkha.