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Shloka 3

कार्त्तिकेय-जन्मोपक्रमः

Prelude to the Birth of Kārttikeya/Skanda

व्याध उवाच हन्त ते कथयिष्यामि यन्मां त्वं परिपृच्छसि । एषां गुणान्‌ पृथक्त्वेन निबोध गदतो मम,धर्मव्याधने कहा--ब्रह्मन्‌! आप मुझसे जो बात पूछ रहे हैं, मैं अब उसे कहूँगा। सत्त्व, रज और तम--इन तीनोंके गुणोंका पृथक्‌-पृथक्‌ वर्णन करता हूँ, सुनिये

vyādha uvāca | hanta te kathayiṣyāmi yan māṃ tvaṃ paripṛcchasi | eṣāṃ guṇān pṛthaktvena nibodha gadato mama ||

นายพรานกล่าวว่า “เอาเถิด ข้าจะบอกสิ่งที่ท่านถามมา จงฟังเถิด เมื่อข้าจะแจกแจงโดยแยกเป็นส่วน ๆ ถึงคุณลักษณะของสามคุณนี้ คือ สัตตวะ รชัส และตมัส”

व्याधःthe hunter (Dharma-vyādha)
व्याधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्याध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
हन्तindeed / well then
हन्त:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहन्त
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
Form—, Dative, Singular
कथयिष्यामिI will tell
कथयिष्यामि:
TypeVerb
Rootकथय्
FormSimple Future, 1, Singular, Parasmaipada
यत्what (that which)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Accusative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
परिपृच्छसिyou ask (inquire)
परिपृच्छसि:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-प्रच्छ्
FormPresent, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
एषाम्of these
एषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
गुणान्qualities (guṇas)
गुणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पृथक्त्वेनseparately / distinctly
पृथक्त्वेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपृथक्त्व
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
निबोधunderstand / learn
निबोध:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-बुध्
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
गदतःof (me) speaking
गदतः:
TypeVerb
Rootगद्
FormPresent active participle, Masculine, Genitive, Singular
ममof me / my
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular

व्याध उवाच

D
Dharmavyādha (the hunter, speaker)
B
Brahmin interlocutor (unnamed in this verse)
S
Sattva
R
Rajas
T
Tamas

Educational Q&A

The verse introduces a structured ethical-psychological teaching: the speaker will explain the three guṇas—sattva, rajas, and tamas—separately, implying that understanding these modes is essential for discerning right conduct (dharma) and inner disposition.

In the Dharmavyādha episode of the Vana Parva, the hunter responds to a Brahmin’s inquiry and begins his instruction, announcing that he will now describe the three guṇas in a clear, differentiated manner.