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Shloka 11

धर्मव्याधोपदेशः

Dharma-vyādha’s Instruction on Śiṣṭācāra and Dharma

राजोवाच केनेद्शी जातु परा हि दृष्टा वागुच्यमाना शकुनेन संस्कृता । यां वै कपोतो वदते यां च श्येन उभौ विदित्वा कथमस्तु साधु,राजा बोले--अहो! आजसे पहले किसने कभी भी किसी पक्षीके मुखसे ऐसी उत्तम संस्कृत भाषाका उच्चारण देखा या सुना है, जैसी कि ये कबूतर और बाज बोल रहे हैं? किस प्रकार इन दोनोंका स्वरूप जानकर इनके प्रति न्‍्यायोचित बर्ताव किया जा सकता है?

rājovāca kenedṛśī jātu parā hi dṛṣṭā vāg ucyamānā śakunena saṃskṛtā | yāṃ vai kapoto vadate yāṃ ca śyena ubhau viditvā katham astu sādhu ||

พระราชาตรัสว่า “โอ้! ก่อนหน้านี้ผู้ใดเคยเห็นหรือเคยได้ยินบ้างว่า นกจะเปล่งวาจาอันประณีต งดงาม และเป็นสันสกฤตเช่นนี้? ภาษาที่นกพิราบกล่าว และภาษาที่เหยี่ยวกล่าวก็เช่นเดียวกัน—เมื่อรู้สภาพแท้จริงของทั้งสองแล้ว เราควรปฏิบัติต่อเขาทั้งคู่ด้วยความถูกต้องและยุติธรรมอย่างไร?”

राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
केनby whom / by what
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
ईदृशीsuch (of this kind)
ईदृशी:
TypeAdjective
Rootईदृश्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
जातुever, at any time
जातु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootजातु
पराexcellent, supreme
परा:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed, surely
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
दृष्टाseen
दृष्टा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त, Feminine, Nominative, Singular
वाक्speech
वाक्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यमानाbeing uttered
उच्यमाना:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formशानच् (present passive participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular, Passive
शकुनेनby a bird
शकुनेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशकुनि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
संस्कृताrefined, well-formed
संस्कृता:
TypeVerb
Rootसंस्कृ
Formक्त, Feminine, Nominative, Singular
याम्which (speech) / whom (f.)
याम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
कपोतःthe pigeon/dove
कपोतः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकपोत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वदतेspeaks
वदते:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
याम्which (speech)
याम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
श्येनःthe hawk/falcon
श्येनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्येन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उभौboth (of them)
उभौ:
Karma
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
विदित्वाhaving known/understood
विदित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
अस्तुlet it be / may it be
अस्तु:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
साधुproperly, rightly, well
साधु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाधु

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

राजा (the king)
कपोता (dove/pigeon)
श्येन (hawk/falcon)
संस्कृत वाणी (refined/Sanskritic speech)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-problem: when two claimants (the dove seeking refuge and the hawk seeking its prey) present competing rights, one must understand each party’s nature and claims and then act in a way that is truly ‘sādhu’—ethically proper and just, not merely emotionally driven.

A king hears a dove and a hawk speaking in refined, Sanskrit-like language. Astonished, he asks how such speech can come from birds and, more importantly, how he should judge and behave rightly toward both after understanding their respective positions.