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Shloka 10

धर्मव्याधोपदेशः

Dharma-vyādha’s Instruction on Śiṣṭācāra and Dharma

पर्यायेण वसतिर्वा भवेषु सर्गे ज्ञात: पूर्वमस्मात्‌ कपोतात्‌ । त्वमाददानो5थ कपोतमेनं मा त्वं राजन्‌ विघ्नकर्ता भवेथा:,तदनन्तर बाजने राजासे कहा--“महाराज! प्रायः सभी जीवोंको बारी-बारीसे विभिन्न योनियोंमें जन्म लेकर रहना पड़ता है। मालूम होता है, आप इस सृष्टि-परम्परामें पहले कभी इस कबूतरसे जन्म ग्रहण कर चुके हैं; तभी तो इसे अपने आश्रयमें ले रहे हैं! राजन! मैं आग्रहपर्वूक कहता हूँ, आप इस कबूतरको लेकर मेरे भोजनके कार्यमें विघ्न न डालें"

paryāyeṇa vasatir vā bhaveṣu sarge jñātaḥ pūrvam asmāt kapotāt | tvam ādadāno 'tha kapotam enaṃ mā tvaṃ rājan vighnakartā bhavethāḥ ||

มารกัณเฑยะกล่าวว่า “ในวัฏจักรแห่งการสร้างสรรพสัตว์ทั้งหลายย่อมต้องเวียนว่ายไปมา เกิดแล้วเกิดเล่าในครรภ์และภพภูมิต่าง ๆ ตามลำดับ ดูประหนึ่งว่าในสมัยสรรค์สร้างครั้งก่อน พระองค์เคยบังเกิดเป็นนกพิราบตัวนี้เอง จึงบัดนี้ทรงรับไว้ในความคุ้มครอง เพราะฉะนั้น ข้าแต่พระราชา ข้าพเจ้าขอทูลวิงวอน—อย่าได้ทรงยึดนกพิราบนี้ไว้จนเป็นอุปสรรคต่อการได้อาหารของข้าพเจ้าเลย”

पर्यायेणin turn, successively
पर्यायेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपर्याय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
वसतिःdwelling, residence
वसतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवसति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
भवेषुin existences/births
भवेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभव
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
सर्गेin (this) creation
सर्गे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्ग
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
ज्ञातःknown, understood
ज्ञातः:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formkta (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
पूर्वम्formerly, earlier
पूर्वम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
अस्मात्from me
अस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormAblative, Singular
कपोतात्from the pigeon/dove
कपोतात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकपोत
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
आददानःtaking, accepting
आददानः:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-दा
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
अथthen, and
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
कपोतम्the pigeon/dove
कपोतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकपोत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एनम्this (one), him
एनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद् (एनद्-प्रयोग)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
Formprohibitive particle
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
विघ्नकर्ताobstructor, one who causes hindrance
विघ्नकर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविघ्नकर्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेथाःmay you be / should you become
भवेथाः:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormVidhi-ling (optative), present-system, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अनन्तरम्after that, thereafter
अनन्तरम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनन्तर

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya
R
rājan (the king)
K
kapota (pigeon)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames moral conflict through the lens of saṃsāra: beings cycle through births, and past connections can shape present duties. It highlights a tension between compassion/protection (sheltering the pigeon) and another party’s survival need, urging careful discernment so that one’s chosen duty does not unjustly obstruct another’s legitimate need.

Mārkaṇḍeya addresses a king who is taking a pigeon under his protection. He suggests the king may have a past-life connection with the pigeon, explaining the king’s impulse to shelter it, and then warns the king not to let that protection become an obstacle to the speaker’s obtaining food.