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Shloka 4

अध्याय ७५ — दैव-पुरुषकार-समन्वयः

Reconciling Contingency and Human Effort

तस्मादनभिरूपाभिरन्वाम्भिम्मा त्वं समर्च्छ॑सि । अथवा यह भी सम्भव है कि बिना नौकाके अगाध सरोवरमें तैरनेवाले पुरुषको जैसे उसकी गहराईका पता नहीं चलता, उसी तरह आप मुझे अच्छी तरह न जानते हों। इसीलिये आप अनुचित वचनोंद्वारा मुझपर आशक्षेप कर रहे हैं ।। ३ ई ।। कथं हि भीमसेनं मां जानन्‌ कश्नन माधव

tasmād anabhirūpābhir anvābhimāṁ tvaṁ samarcchasi | athavā yad api sambhavaḥ—vinā naukāyā agādha-sarovare tairṇavataḥ puruṣasya yathā tasya gāḍhatāyāḥ parijñā na bhavati, tathā bhavān mām samyag na jānīyāt | tasmād asad-vacanaiḥ mayi āśaṅkṣepaṁ karosi || kathaṁ hi bhīmasenaṁ māṁ jānan kaścana mādhava… ||

เพราะฉะนั้นท่านจึงกล่าววาจาไม่สมควรแก่กาลมาประทุษร้ายข้า หรืออาจเป็นได้ว่า—ดุจบุรุษผู้ว่ายในสระลึกโดยไร้เรือ ย่อมไม่รู้ความลึกแท้จริง ฉันใด ท่านก็มิได้รู้จักข้าโดยถ่องแท้ ฉันนั้น จึงกล่าวถ้อยคำอันไม่ควรเพื่อเหน็บแนมกล่าวหา เพราะว่า โอ้มาธวะ ผู้ใดเล่ารู้จักข้า—ภีมเสน—แล้วจะกล่าวเช่นนี้ได้?

तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formneuter, ablative, singular
अनभिरूपाभिःwith improper/unsuitable (words)
अनभिरूपाभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअनभिरूपा
Formfeminine, instrumental, plural
अन्वाम्भिःwith waters/streams (i.e., by means of waters)
अन्वाम्भिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअनु + अम्भस्
Formneuter, instrumental, plural
माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
समर्च्छसिyou approach/assail
समर्च्छसि:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + ऋच्छ्
Formpresent, second, singular, parasmaipada
अथवाor else
अथवा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथवा
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
भीमसेनम्Bhimasena
भीमसेनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीमसेन
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
जानन्knowing
जानन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formpresent active, masculine, nominative, singular
कश्चनanyone (at all)
कश्चन:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकश्चन
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
माधवO Madhava (Krishna)
माधव:
TypeNoun
Rootमाधव
Formmasculine, vocative, singular

भीमसेन उवाच

B
Bhīmasena (Bhīma)
M
Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa)
A
agādha-sarovara (deep lake)
N
naukā (boat)

Educational Q&A

The verse stresses restraint and propriety in speech: making insinuations or using unseemly words is unethical, especially when one does not fully know another’s true capacity or character.

Bhīma responds sharply to Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa), saying that the reproachful insinuations arise either from unfit speech or from not truly knowing Bhīma—illustrated by the metaphor of a swimmer who cannot gauge a lake’s depth without a boat.