Shloka 4

हंस–साध्यसंवादः, वाक्-निग्रहः, महाकुल-लक्षणम्, शान्ति-उपायः

Hamsa–Sādhya Dialogue; Restraint of Speech; Marks of Noble Lineage; Means to Peace

Devanagari script

यश्चाभिजात: प्रकरोत्यकार्य यश्चाबलो बलिना नित्यवैरी । अश्रद्धधानाय च यो ब्रवीति यश्चाकाम्यं कामयते नरेन्द्र

Transliteration

yaścābhijātaḥ prakaroty akāryaṃ yaścābalo balinā nityavairī | aśraddadhānāya ca yo bravīti yaścākāmyaṃ kāmayate narendra ||

Translation

วิทุระกล่าวว่า—ข้าแต่พระราชา คนเหล่านี้ก็เป็นผู้ควรถูกติเตียนและถูกทูตยมลากไปสู่นรก: ผู้เกิดในตระกูลสูงแต่กลับทำสิ่งที่ไม่ควรทำ; ผู้แม้อ่อนแอแต่ผูกเวรกับผู้มีกำลังอยู่เสมอ; ผู้ให้คำสอนแก่ผู้ไร้ศรัทธา; และผู้ปรารถนาสิ่งที่ไม่ควรปรารถนา—สิ่งต้องห้ามตามศาสตราหรือไม่สมควรแก่ตน।

Word by Word

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अभिजातः: well-born, of noble birth
• अभिजातः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभिजात
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रकरोति: does, performs
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र√कृ
• Form: Present (Lat), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

• अकार्य: a wrong act; what ought not be done
• अकार्य: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अकार्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अबलः: weak, powerless
• अबलः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अबल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• बलिना: with a strong man; by the powerful
• बलिना: Karana
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: बलिन्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• नित्य: always, constantly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य

• वैरी: an enemy; one who bears enmity
• वैरी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैरिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अश्रद्धधानाय: to one without faith
• अश्रद्धधानाय: Sampradana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अश्रद्धधान
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ब्रवीति: speaks, tells
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ब्रू
• Form: Present (Lat), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अकाम्यम्: undesirable; not to be desired
• अकाम्यम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अकाम्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• कामयते: desires, longs for
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कम् (कामय)
• Form: Present (Lat), 3, Singular, Atmanepada

• नरेन्द्र: O king (lord of men)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नरेन्द्र
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

विदुर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vidura
• Narendra (the king, i.e., Dhṛtarāṣṭra as addressee)