Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 3

हंस–साध्यसंवादः, वाक्-निग्रहः, महाकुल-लक्षणम्, शान्ति-उपायः

Hamsa–Sādhya Dialogue; Restraint of Speech; Marks of Noble Lineage; Means to Peace

यश्चाशिष्यं शास्ति वै यश्व तुष्येद्‌ यश्चातिवेलं भजते द्विषन्तम्‌ । स्त्रियश्व॒ यो रक्षति भद्रम श्लुते यशक्षायाच्यं याचते कत्थते च

yaś cāśiṣyaṃ śāsti vai yaś ca tuṣyed yaś cātivelaṃ bhajate dviṣantam | striyaś ca yo rakṣati bhadram aśnute yaś cākṣāyācyaṃ yācate katthate ca ||

วิทุระกล่าวว่า—ทูตของพระยมผู้ถือบ่วง ย่อมฉุดลากบุรุษผู้กลับตาลปัตรระเบียบแห่งธรรมลงสู่นรก ได้แก่ ผู้ลงโทษคนที่ไม่ควรถูกลงโทษแล้วกลับยินดีในสิ่งนั้น; ผู้ล่วงละเมิดขอบเขตแห่งมรรยาท (maryādā) เพื่อแสวงความพอใจ; ผู้รับใช้ศัตรู; ผู้แสร้ง ‘คุ้มครอง’ สตรีที่ไม่ควรฝากไว้ให้คุ้มครองแล้วสำคัญว่าตนได้ความผาสุก; และผู้ไปขอจากผู้ที่ไม่สมควรขอพร้อมทั้งโอ้อวดตนเอง।

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अशिष्यम्an unfit (person), one not fit to be taught/ruled
अशिष्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootअशिष्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शास्तिrules/commands/teaches
शास्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootशास्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तुष्येत्would be pleased/is pleased
तुष्येत्:
TypeVerb
Rootतुष्
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अतिवेलम्beyond proper time/measure; excessively
अतिवेलम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतिवेला
भजतेassociates with/serves
भजते:
TypeVerb
Rootभज्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
द्विषन्तम्an enemy; one who hates
द्विषन्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun (participle used substantively)
Rootद्विषत्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
स्त्रियःwomen
स्त्रियः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रक्षतिprotects
रक्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
भद्रम्good; welfare; auspiciousness
भद्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootभद्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अश्नुतेattains/experiences
अश्नुते:
TypeVerb
Rootअश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अक्षायाच्यम्one from whom one should not beg (unfit to be begged from)
अक्षायाच्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअक्षायाच्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
याचतेbegs/asks
याचते:
TypeVerb
Rootयाच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
कत्थतेboasts
कत्थते:
TypeVerb
Rootकत्थ्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
Y
Yama
M
messengers of Yama (Yamadūtas)
E
enemy (dviṣant)

Educational Q&A

Do not invert dharma by misdirecting discipline, transgressing limits, serving enemies, forming improper protective/beneficiary ties, or begging from unfit sources while boasting. Such conduct reflects loss of discernment (viveka) and leads to moral downfall.

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura delivers moral counsel (Vidura-nīti). Here he lists types of unethical or socially destructive behavior and warns that Yama’s agents punish such people—framing the teaching as a vivid consequence for adharma.