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Shloka 52

Adhyaya 32: Saṃjaya’s Return, Audience with Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Ethical Admonition

एको धर्म: परं श्रेय: क्षमैका शान्तिरुत्तमा । विद्यैका परमा तृप्तिरहिंसेका सुखावहा,केवल धर्म ही परम कल्याणकारक है, एकमात्र क्षमा ही शान्तिका सर्वश्रेष्ठ उपाय है। एक विद्या ही परम संतोष देनेवाली है और एकमात्र अहिंसा ही सुख देनेवाली है

eko dharmaḥ paraṃ śreyaḥ kṣamaikā śāntir uttamā | vidyaikā paramā tṛptir ahiṃsaikā sukhāvahā ||

วิทุระประกาศว่า “ธรรมเพียงหนึ่งเดียวเป็นประโยชน์สูงสุด; หนทางสู่สันติอันประเสริฐที่สุดคือการให้อภัยเพียงอย่างเดียว. ความอิ่มเอมสูงสุดเกิดจากวิทยาเพียงอย่างเดียว; และความสุขที่แท้จริงเกิดจากอหิงสาเพียงอย่างเดียว”

एकःone; single
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma; righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परम्supreme; highest
परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
श्रेयःthe highest good; welfare
श्रेयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेयस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
क्षमाforbearance; forgiveness
क्षमा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षमा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
एकाone; single
एका:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
शान्तिःpeace; tranquility
शान्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशान्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उत्तमाbest; excellent
उत्तमा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
विद्याknowledge; learning
विद्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
एकाone; single
एका:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पराsupreme; highest
परा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तृप्तिःcontentment; satisfaction
तृप्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतृप्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अहिंसाnon-violence
अहिंसा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअहिंसा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
एकाone; single
एका:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सुखावहाbringing happiness
सुखावहा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुखावह
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura

Educational Q&A

Vidura compresses ethical life into four supreme guides: uphold dharma as the highest good; practice forgiveness as the best path to peace; pursue knowledge as the deepest source of contentment; and embrace non-violence as the surest bringer of happiness.

In Udyoga Parva, as tensions rise toward war, Vidura offers moral counsel meant to restrain anger and restore order. This verse functions as a concise summary of his niti: principles that can avert conflict and stabilize both personal conduct and political life.