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Shloka 79

नारद–शुक संवादः

Impermanence, Svabhāva, and Śuka’s Resolve for Yoga

राजन! परमात्मा भिन्न है और जीवात्मा भिन्न; क्योंकि परमात्मा जीवात्माका आश्रय है; परंतु ज्ञानी संत-महात्मा उन दोनोंको एक ही देखते और समझते हैं ।।

rājan! paramātmā bhinnaḥ ca jīvātmā bhinnaḥ; yasmāt paramātmā jīvātmano 'śrayaḥ; kintu jñāninaḥ santa-mahātmānaḥ tau ubhau ekam iva paśyanti ca manyante. te na etat nābhinandanti pañcaviṃśakam acyutam | janma-mṛtyu-bhayād bhītā yogāḥ sāṅkhyāś ca kāśyapa | ṣaḍviṃśam anupaśyantaḥ śucayas tat-parāyaṇāḥ ||

ยาชญวลกยะกล่าวว่า “ข้าแต่พระราชา ปรมาตมันนั้นต่างจากชีวาตมัน และชีวาตมันก็ต่างจากปรมาตมัน เพราะปรมาตมันเป็นที่พึ่งรองรับของชีวาตมัน แต่บัณฑิต—เหล่าสันต์และมหาตมะ—กลับเห็นและรู้แจ้งว่าทั้งสองเป็นหนึ่งเดียว ดังนั้น โอวงศ์กาศยปะ เหล่าโยคีและผู้ปฏิบัติสางขยะซึ่งหวาดหวั่นต่อภัยแห่งการเกิดและความตาย ย่อมไม่พอใจอยู่เพียงตัตตวะที่ยี่สิบห้าเท่านั้น ด้วยใจบริสุทธิ์และมอบตนแด่ปรมะโดยสิ้นเชิง เขาทั้งหลายเพ่งพิจารณาตัตตวะที่ยี่สิบหก—ปรมาตมัน—และด้วยทัศนะอภेदนั้น ย่อมปีติยินดีอยู่เนืองนิตย์”

तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतत्this (doctrine/thing)
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभिनन्दन्तिapprove/commend
अभिनन्दन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-नन्द्
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
पञ्चविंशकम्the twenty-fifth (principle)
पञ्चविंशकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चविंशक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अच्युतम्Acyuta (Vishnu/Krishna)
अच्युतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअच्युत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जन्मbirth
जन्म:
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मृत्युdeath
मृत्यु:
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भयात्from fear
भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
भीताःafraid
भीताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभीत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
योगाःyogins / followers of Yoga
योगाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयोग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सांख्याःfollowers of Sāṅkhya
सांख्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसांख्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
काश्यपO Kāśyapa
काश्यप:
TypeNoun
Rootकाश्यप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
षड्विंशम्the twenty-sixth (principle)
षड्विंशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootषड्विंश
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अनुपश्यन्तःbeholding/realizing
अनुपश्यन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-√पश्
FormPresent participle, Parasmaipada, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
शुचयःpure (in mind)
शुचयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुचि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तत्that (Supreme)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
परायणाःhaving as sole refuge/devoted
परायणाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरायण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
K
King (rājan)
K
Kaśyapa (lineage reference)
A
Acyuta (epithet of the Supreme/Viṣṇu)
P
paramātmā
J
jīvātmā
Y
Yoga (yogāḥ)
S
Sāṅkhya (sāṅkhyāḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that although the Supreme Self (paramātmā) and the individual self (jīvātmā) can be spoken of as distinct—because the Supreme is the support and ground of the individual—the realized sages perceive a deeper unity. Hence serious seekers do not stop at a limited metaphysical account (the ‘twenty-fifth principle’) but contemplate the higher ‘twenty-sixth’ reality, the Supreme, and rejoice in the vision of non-difference that frees one from fear of birth and death.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on liberation, Yājñavalkya addresses the king and explains how advanced practitioners of Yoga and Sāṅkhya, motivated by dread of saṃsāra (repeated birth and death), pursue direct contemplation of the Supreme principle. The passage frames philosophical enumeration (tattvas) as a practical spiritual ladder culminating in devotion and purified insight.