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Shloka 51

अव्यक्त-गुण-पुरुषविवेकः | Avyakta, Guṇas, and Discrimination of Puruṣa

अलिड़्ो लिड्रमात्मानमकाल: कालमात्मन: | असत्त्वं सत्त्वमात्मानमतत्त्वं तत््वमात्मन:,वह लिंग (सूक्ष्म) शरीरसे हीन होनेपर भी अपनेको उससे युक्त मानता है। कालधर्म (मृत्यु) से रहित होकर भी अपनेको कालधर्मी (मरणशील) समझता है। सत्त्वसे भिन्न होकर भी अपनेको सत्त्वरूप मानता है तथा महाभूतादि तत्त्वसे रहित होकर भी अपने आपको तत्त्वस्वरूप समझता है

aliḍo liḍram ātmānam akālaḥ kālam ātmanaḥ | asattvaṃ sattvam ātmānam atattvaṃ tattvam ātmanaḥ ||

วสิษฐะกล่าวว่า “แม้ปราศจากลิงคะคือกายละเอียด ก็กลับสำคัญตนว่ามีลิงคะ; แม้เหนือกาล ก็กลับเห็นตนว่าถูกกาลและมฤตยูครอบงำ. แม้พ้นจากคุณะ ก็กลับหลงว่าตนเป็นสัทตวะ; และแม้ปราศจากตัตตวะทั้งหลาย ก็กลับเข้าใจว่าตนเป็นตัตตวะหนึ่งท่ามกลางตัตตวะทั้งปวง”

अलिङ्गःwithout (subtle) body/mark
अलिङ्गः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअलिङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लिङ्गम्the subtle body/mark
लिङ्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलिङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्मानम्oneself (the self)
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अकालःtimeless / not subject to time (death)
अकालः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअकाल (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कालम्time; death
कालम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाल (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आत्मनःof oneself / of the self
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
असत्त्वम्non-being; absence of sattva/existence
असत्त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअसत्त्व (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सत्त्वम्being; sattva; existence
सत्त्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्मानम्oneself (the self)
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अतत्त्वम्non-reality; absence of tattva/principle
अतत्त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअतत्त्व (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्त्वम्reality; principle; element
तत्त्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतत्त्व (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्मनःof oneself / of the self
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha
Ā
Ātman (Self)
L
liṅga-śarīra (subtle body)
K
kāla (Time/Death)
S
sattva (guṇa)
T
tattva (principles such as mahābhūtas)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that bondage is a cognitive error: the timeless, attributeless Self is falsely identified with the subtle body, time/death, the guṇas (like sattva), and the material principles (tattvas). Liberation follows from correcting this misidentification through discernment.

In Śānti Parva’s mokṣa-oriented instruction, Vasiṣṭha is explaining to his listener how the Self is misconstrued as embodied and perishable. He lists common superimpositions—subtle body, mortality, guṇas, and elements—to show the mechanism of delusion and the need for discriminative knowledge.