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Shloka 48

Adhyāya 270 — Yudhiṣṭhira’s inquiry on saṃnyāsa; Bhīṣma on calculable time, tamas, and karma

Vṛtra–Uśanā exemplum begins

भीष्मजी कहते हैं--राजन्‌! तदनन्तर ब्राह्मणने देखा कि उन भोगी पुरुषोंको काम, क्रोध, लोभ, भय, मद, निद्रा, तन्दा और आलस्य आदि शत्रु घेरकर खड़े हैं ।। कुण्डधार उवाच एतैलोंका: सुसंरुद्धा देवानां मानुषाद भयम्‌ | तथैव देववचनादू विषध्नं कुर्वन्ति सर्वश:,कुण्डधार बोला--विप्रवर! देखो, सब लोग इन्हीं दोषोंसे घिरे हुए हैं। देवताओंको मनुष्योंसे भय बना रहता है, इसलिये ये काम आदि दोष देवताओंके आदेशसे मनुष्यके धर्म और तपस्यामें सब प्रकारसे विघ्न डाला करते हैं

Kuṇḍadhāra uvāca: etair lokāḥ susaṃruddhā devānāṃ mānuṣād bhayam | tathaiva devavacanād viṣaghnaṃ kurvanti sarvaśaḥ ||

กุณฑธารกล่าวว่า—“ดูเถิด ผู้คนทั้งปวงถูกความบกพร่องเหล่านี้ล้อมรัดไว้อย่างแน่นหนา เทพทั้งหลายมีความหวาดหวั่นต่อมนุษย์; เพราะฉะนั้น ตามพระดำรัสของเทพ ความเป็นศัตรูภายในอย่างกามเป็นต้นจึงขัดขวางธรรมและตบะของมนุษย์ทุกประการ ประหนึ่งประทานพิษที่ทำลายความเพียรทางจิตวิญญาณ”

कुण्डधारःKundadhara (name)
कुण्डधारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुण्डधार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
एतैःby these
एतैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
लोकाःpeople/worlds (here: people)
लोकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सुसंरुद्धाःwell-confined/closely beset
सुसंरुद्धाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-सं-रुद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
देवानाम्of the gods
देवानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
मानुषात्from a human/from men
मानुषात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमानुष
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
भयम्fear
भयम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तथाthus/so/in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
देववचनात्from the command/word of the gods
देववचनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदेव-वचन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
विघ्नम्obstacle/hindrance
विघ्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविघ्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुर्वन्तिthey do/make
कुर्वन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
सर्वशःin every way/entirely
सर्वशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वशः

कुण्डधार उवाच

K
Kuṇḍadhāra
D
Devas (gods)
M
Mānuṣa (human beings)

Educational Q&A

Human spiritual life is endangered primarily by internal foes—desire, anger, greed, fear, pride, sleep, sloth, and the like. These forces ‘besiege’ the mind and thereby sabotage dharma and tapas; the remedy implied is vigilance and self-mastery.

Kuṇḍadhāra explains that people are surrounded by moral-psychological defects, and he frames these defects as agents that, under divine prompting, create obstacles to human righteousness and austerity—highlighting the constant struggle between aspiration and inner temptation.