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Shloka 42

रणभूमिवर्णनम् — Devāsuropama-yuddha and the ‘River’ Metaphor of the Battlefield

एत एव समाजममुर्युद्धाय भरतर्षभ । एवं विभज्य राजेन्द्र मद्रराजवशे स्थिता:

eta eva samājam amur yuddhāya bharatarṣabha | evaṁ vibhajya rājendra madrarājavaśe sthitāḥ ||

สัญชัยกล่าวว่า “โอ ยอดแห่งวงศ์ภารตะ พวกเขาจัดกองทัพนั้นเพื่อศึกดังนี้ และเมื่อแบ่งกำลังตามนั้นแล้ว โอพระราชา พวกเขาก็ตั้งอยู่ภายใต้อำนาจบัญชาของกษัตริย์แห่งมทระ”

एतेthese (men/ones)
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
समाजम्assembly/muster
समाजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसमाज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अमुःthat one (yonder)
अमुः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअदस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
युद्धायfor battle
युद्धाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun (vocative epithet)
Rootभरत-ऋषभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
एवम्thus/in this way
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
विभज्यhaving divided/apportioned
विभज्य:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-भज्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
राजेन्द्रO king of kings
राजेन्द्र:
TypeNoun (vocative epithet)
Rootराज-इन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मद्रराजवशेunder the control/power of the king of Madra
मद्रराजवशे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमद्र-राज-वश
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
स्थिताःstood/placed; remained
स्थिताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
B
Bharatas (Kuru lineage)
M
Madra
K
King of Madra (Śalya)
A
army/host (samāja)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical weight of leadership in war: once forces are deliberately organized and assigned, responsibility concentrates in the commander (here, the Madra king), emphasizing accountability and the binding nature of strategic decisions.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the Kaurava host has been arranged for battle and divided into assigned parts, after which the troops take their positions under the authority of the king of Madra (Śalya).