Shloka 283

रणभूमिवर्णनम् — Devāsuropama-yuddha and the ‘River’ Metaphor of the Battlefield

Devanagari script

त्रिधा भूता महाराज तव सैन्यमुपाद्रवन्‌ । महाराज! शत्रुओंका दमन करनेवाले महाधनुर्थर पाण्डव भी सेनाका व्यूह बनाकर तीन भागोंमें विभक्त हो आपकी सेनापर चढ़ आये

Transliteration

tridhā bhūtā mahārāja tava sainyam upādravan |

Translation

สัญชัยกล่าวว่า—ข้าแต่มหาราช เหล่าปาณฑพได้จัดวยูหะ (กระบวนทัพ) แล้วแบ่งกองทัพออกเป็นสามส่วน ก่อนจะเคลื่อนเข้าประชิดโจมตีกองทัพของพระองค์ด้วยปณิธานแน่วแน่เพื่อบดขยี้ศัตรู

Word by Word

• त्रिधा: in three ways/into three parts
• त्रिधा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: त्रिधा
• Form: Avyaya (manner)

• भूता: having become/divided
• भूता: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भू (भूत)
• Form: Past passive participle; neuter nominative plural (agreeing with सैन्यम् understood as 'forces' collectively)

• महाराज: O great king
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाराज
• Form: Masculine vocative singular

• तव: your
• तव: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Genitive singular

• सैन्यम्: army
• सैन्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्य
• Form: Neuter accusative singular

• उपाद्रवन्: they attacked/assailed
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-√द्रु (द्रवति)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd person plural, parasmaipada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Mahārāja (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
• Pāṇḍavas
• Kaurava army

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights disciplined action in a righteous conflict: organized effort (vyūha and division into three) is portrayed as essential to fulfilling kṣatriya duty, where strategy and resolve operate within the larger frame of dharma and the grave ethics of war.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the Pāṇḍavas formed a battle-array, split into three divisions, and launched an assault on the Kaurava host, intensifying the engagement through coordinated attack.