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Shloka 26

रणभूमिवर्णनम् — Devāsuropama-yuddha and the ‘River’ Metaphor of the Battlefield

गौतमो दक्षिणे पाश्वे शकैश्न यवनै: सह । अश्वत्थामा पृष्ठतो5भूत्‌ काम्बोजै: परिवारित:,व्यूहके वामभागमें त्रिगर्तोंसे घिरा हुआ कृतवर्मा खड़ा था। दक्षिण पार्श्चमें शकों और यवनोंकी सेनाके साथ कृपाचार्य थे और पृष्ठभागमें काम्बोजोंसे घिरकर अश्व॒त्थामा खड़ा था

sañjaya uvāca | gautamo dakṣiṇe pārśve śakaiś ca yavanaiḥ saha | aśvatthāmā pṛṣṭhato 'bhūt kāmbojaiḥ parivāritaḥ ||

สัญชัยกล่าวว่า—ปีกขวานั้นมีโคตมะ (กฤปาจารย์) ยืนอยู่ร่วมกับพวกศะกะและยะวะนะ; ส่วนด้านหลังมีอัศวัตถามา ยืนมั่นท่ามกลางการล้อมคุ้มกันของพวกกัมโพชะ

गौतमःGautama (Kripa)
गौतमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगौतम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दक्षिणेon the right
दक्षिणे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootदक्षिण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पार्श्वेside/flank
पार्श्वे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपार्श्व
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
शकैःwith the Shakas
शकैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशक
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
यवनैःwith the Yavanas
यवनैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयवन
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सहtogether with
सह:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
अश्वत्थामाAshvatthaman
अश्वत्थामा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वत्थामन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पृष्ठतःfrom/at the rear, behind
पृष्ठतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृष्ठतस्
अभूत्was/stood
अभूत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormAorist (simple past), 3rd, Singular
काम्बोजैःby/with the Kambojas
काम्बोजैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम्बोज
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
परिवारितःsurrounded
परिवारितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरि-√वृ (परिवारयति)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
G
Gautama (Kṛpācārya/Kṛpa)
Ś
Śakas
Y
Yavanas
A
Aśvatthāmā
K
Kāmbojas

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights disciplined placement and collective duty in war: commanders accept assigned roles—flank and rear protection—to uphold their side’s safety. Ethically, it underscores how dharma in a battlefield context often appears as loyalty and responsibility within a tragic, destructive conflict.

Sañjaya describes positions within the Kaurava formation: Kṛpācārya (Gautama) stands on the right with Śaka and Yavana troops, while Aśvatthāmā holds the rear, surrounded by Kāmboja warriors—indicating a guarded, structured deployment.