Shloka 4

Dvaipāyana-hrade Duryodhanasya Māyā — Yudhiṣṭhirasya Dharmoktiḥ (Śalya-parva, Adhyāya 30)

Devanagari script

निशम्य पाण्डुपुत्राणां तदा वै जयिनां स्वनम्‌ | विद्रुतं शिबिरं दृष्टवा सायाह्ले राजगृद्धिन:

Transliteration

niśamya pāṇḍuputrāṇāṁ tadā vai jayināṁ svanam | vidrutaṁ śibiraṁ dṛṣṭvā sāyāhle rājagṛddhinaḥ ||

Translation

สัญชัยกล่าวว่า—เมื่อได้ยินเสียงกึกก้องแห่งชัยชนะของโอรสแห่งปาณฑุ และเห็นค่ายทัพแตกหนีในยามบ่ายคล้อย พระราชาผู้กระหายชัยก็เกิดความร้อนรนกังวลใจ ใคร่รู้ว่าเกิดเหตุอันใดขึ้น

Word by Word

निशम्यhaving heard

पाण्डुपुत्राणाम्of the sons of Pाण्डु (the Pāṇḍavas)

तदाthen

वैindeed

जयिनाम्of the victorious

स्वनम्sound, roar

विद्रुतम्fled, in flight

शिबिरम्camp

दृष्ट्वाhaving seen

सायाह्लेin the late afternoon

राजगृद्धिनःthose greedy for kingship

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sañjaya

Pāṇḍuputrāḥ (Pāṇḍavas)

śibira (the camp)

rājā (the king, i.e., Dhṛtarāṣṭra by context)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how attachment to victory and royal gain (rājagṛddhi) becomes ethically dangerous in war: the craving for conquest blinds one to the suffering and instability that battle inevitably brings, and even a single shift in sound and sight can collapse confidence.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that the victorious shout of the Pāṇḍavas is heard, and the encampment is seen scattering in flight in the late afternoon—signaling a decisive turn on the battlefield and stirring the king’s anxious desire to know the outcome.