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Shloka 78

Śalya-hatānantarāṇi: Madrarāja-padānugānāṃ praskandana and the Pandava counter-encirclement (शल्यहतानन्तराणि—मद्रराजपदानुगानां प्रस्कन्दनम्)

ततस्तं विरथं दृष्टवा कृप: शारद्वत: प्रभो

tatastam virathaṃ dṛṣṭvā kṛpaḥ śāradvataḥ prabho

ครั้นเห็นเขาถูกพรากจากรถศึกแล้ว กฤปะ—โอรสแห่งศารทวตะ—จึงกราบทูลพระราชา โอ้พระผู้เป็นเจ้า ว่าในห้วงสงครามอันโหดร้าย ความเปราะบางของนักรบย่อมปรากฏ และพันธะตามธรรมะในสนามรบก็เร่งรัดไม่หยุดยั้ง

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (indeclinable)
तम्him/that (one)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formपुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्
विरथम्without a chariot, chariotless
विरथम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविरथ
Formपुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभावः
कृपःKripa
कृपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृप
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्
शारद्वतःŚāradvata (son/descendant of Śaradvat)
शारद्वतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशारद्वत
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्
प्रभोO lord!
प्रभो:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
Formपुंलिङ्गः, सम्बोधन, एकवचनम्

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Kṛpa (Śāradvata)
P
prabhu (the addressed lord/king, i.e., Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Educational Q&A

The line highlights the battlefield reality that status and advantage can reverse instantly; a warrior may become chariotless, yet the ethical demand of kṣatriya-duty persists. It also frames a response by a senior figure (Kṛpa), suggesting counsel or reaction shaped by responsibility rather than mere triumphalism.

Sañjaya narrates to the king that Kṛpa notices a key warrior has become viratha (without a chariot). This observation marks a turning point in the combat situation and sets up Kṛpa’s ensuing words or action in response to that vulnerability.