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Shloka 3

काकोपमोपदेशः

The Crow-and-Swan Exemplum as Counsel to Karṇa

दुर्योधनश्व विरथ: कृतस्तत्र महारथ: । धर्मपुत्र: कथं चक्रे तस्य वा नृपति: कथम्‌,सुनता हूँ महारथी दुर्योधन भी वहाँ रथहीन कर दिया गया। धर्मपुत्र युधिष्ठिरने उसके साथ किस प्रकार युद्ध किया अथवा राजा दुर्योधनने युधिष्ठिरके प्रति कैसा बर्ताव किया?

sañjaya uvāca | duryodhanaś ca virathaḥ kṛtas tatra mahārathaḥ | dharmaputraḥ kathaṃ cakre tasya vā nṛpatiḥ katham |

ข้าได้ยินว่า ณ ที่นั้น แม้ทุรโยธนะผู้เป็นมหารถีก็ถูกทำให้ไร้รถศึก แล้วธรรมบุตร (ยุธิษฐิระ) เข้าประจัญบานกับเขาอย่างไร? และพระราชาทุรโยธนะทรงประพฤติต่อยุธิษฐิระเช่นไร?

दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विरथःwithout a chariot, chariotless
विरथः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविरथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृतःmade (to be), rendered
कृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
महारथःgreat chariot-warrior
महारथः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मपुत्रःDharma's son (Yudhiṣṭhira)
धर्मपुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
चक्रेdid, made, performed
चक्रे:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तस्यof him, his
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
नृपतिःking
नृपतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Duryodhana
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira (Dharmaputra)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the ethical tension in warfare: when a famed warrior is rendered chariotless, the manner of engagement becomes a question of dharma—how a righteous king should fight, and how an opposing king should comport himself with honor or hostility.

Sañjaya reports that Duryodhana has been made chariotless and asks for clarification about the ensuing encounter: how Yudhiṣṭhira fought him under those conditions and what kind of behavior Duryodhana displayed toward Yudhiṣṭhira.