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Shloka 15

Chatra–Upānah Dāna: Origin Narrative

Jamadagni–Reṇukā–Sūrya Saṃvāda

ते निश्चितास्तत्र महर्षयस्तु सम्पश्यन्तो धर्ममेतं नरेन्द्रा: । ततो5शपन्त शपथान्‌ पर्ययेण सहैव ते पार्थिव पुत्रपौत्रै:,पृथ्वीनाथ! तदनन्तर वे महर्षि तथा नरेशगण वहाँ कुछ निश्चय करके इस धर्मपर दृष्टि रखते हुए पुत्रों और पौत्रोंसहित बारी-बारीसे शपथ खाने लगे

te niścitās tatra maharṣayas tu sampaśyanto dharmam etaṁ narendrāḥ | tato 'śapanta śapathān paryayeṇa sahaiva te pārthiva putrapautraiḥ pṛthvīnātha | tad-anantaraṁ vai maharṣi tathā nareśagaṇaḥ tatra kiñcid niścayaṁ kṛtvā asmin dharme dṛṣṭiṁ nidhāya putra-pautra-sahitaḥ paryāyeṇa śapathān aśnuvan |

ข้าแต่เจ้าแห่งแผ่นดิน! ครั้นแล้วมหาฤๅษีทั้งหลายและหมู่พระราชา ณ ที่นั้นได้ตั้งมติแน่วแน่ โดยยึดธรรมะนี้ไว้เป็นหลัก แล้วจึงสาบานอย่างเคร่งขรึมสลับกันไป—แต่ละพระองค์พร้อมด้วยโอรสและหลาน เพื่อให้การทรงไว้ซึ่งธรรมะสืบต่อไปในวงศ์สกุล

तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निश्चिताःresolved, determined
निश्चिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिश्चित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
महर्षयःgreat sages
महर्षयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहर्षि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
सम्पश्यन्तःseeing, observing
सम्पश्यन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + √पश्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Present active participle (parasmaipada)
धर्मम्dharma, law/duty
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एतम्this
एतम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नरेन्द्राःkings (lords of men)
नरेन्द्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनरेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
अशपन्तthey swore / took an oath
अशपन्त:
TypeVerb
Root√शप्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
शपथान्oaths
शपथान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशपथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पर्ययेणin turn, successively
पर्ययेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपर्याय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
सहtogether with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पार्थिवwith the king / by the king
पार्थिव:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पुत्रwith (his) son
पुत्र:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पौत्रैःwith grandsons
पौत्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपौत्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
पृथ्वीनाथO lord of the earth
पृथ्वीनाथ:
TypeNoun
Rootपृथ्वीनाथ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तदनन्तरम्after that
तदनन्तरम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदनन्तर

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
maharṣis (great seers)
N
narendras/nareśas (kings, rulers)
S
sons
G
grandsons

Educational Q&A

Dharma is to be upheld not merely by personal intention but through binding commitments; rulers and sages publicly affirm ethical duty through oaths, ensuring continuity of righteous conduct across generations.

Bhishma describes a scene where sages and kings, after arriving at a decision and reflecting on the dharma in question, take oaths one by one, accompanied by their sons and grandsons, thereby formalizing their commitment.