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Shloka 96

आचारप्रशंसा

Praise of Ācāra as the Basis of Longevity, Fame, and Prosperity

तोयपूर्व प्रदायान्नमतिथि भ्यो विशाम्पते । पश्चाद्‌ भुञज्जीत मेधावी न चाप्यन्यमना नर:

toyapūrvaṃ pradāyānnam atithibhyo viśāmpate | paścād bhuñjīta medhāvī na cāpy anyamanā naraḥ ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “โอ้เจ้าแห่งปวงชน เมื่อได้ถวาย ‘น้ำ’ ก่อน แล้วจึงถวาย ‘อาหาร’ แก่แขกผู้มาเยือนแล้ว บัณฑิตจึงค่อยรับประทานภายหลัง และแม้ยามรับประทานก็ไม่พึงทำด้วยจิตฟุ้งซ่าน”

तोयपूर्वम्first with water (i.e., beginning with offering water)
तोयपूर्वम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतोयपूर्व
FormAvyaya (adverbial)
प्रदायhaving given
प्रदाय:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-दा
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा-न्त), indeclinable
अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न
FormNeuter, accusative, singular
अतिथिभ्यःto guests
अतिथिभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootअतिथि
FormMasculine, dative, plural
विशाम्पतेO lord of the people
विशाम्पते:
TypeNoun
Rootविशाम्पति
FormMasculine, vocative, singular
पश्चात्afterwards
पश्चात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपश्चात्
FormAvyaya (adverb)
भुञ्जीतshould eat
भुञ्जीत:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular
मेधावीthe wise man
मेधावी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमेधाविन्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya (negation)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya (conjunction)
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
FormAvyaya
अन्यमनाःone whose mind is elsewhere; distracted
अन्यमनाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्यमनस्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
नरःa man
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
V
viśāmpati (the king/addressee)
A
atithi (guest)

Educational Q&A

Hospitality is a primary duty: one should first honor guests by offering water and food, and only then eat oneself; moreover, eating should be done with attentive, undistracted mind as part of disciplined conduct (dharma).

In Bhīṣma’s instruction on righteous conduct (dharma), he addresses the king and lays down a rule of household ethics: prioritize the needs of guests through proper offerings, then partake of one’s meal with mental composure.