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Shloka 3

Āśramadharma and the Marks of the Muni

Yayāti–Aṣṭaka Saṃvāda

देवानतर्पयद्‌ यज्ञ: श्राद्धैस्तद्धत्‌ू पितृनपि । दीनाननुग्रहैरिष्टै: कामैश्न द्विजसत्तमान्‌,उन्होंने यज्ञोंद्वारा देवताओंको, श्राद्धोंसे पितरोंको, इच्छाके अनुसार अनुग्रह करके दीन-दुःखियोंको और मुहमाँगी भोग्य वस्तुएँ देकर श्रेष्ठ ब्राह्मणोंको तृप्त किया

vaiśampāyana uvāca | devān atarpayad yajñaḥ śrāddhaiś ca tathā pitṝn api | dīnān anugrahair iṣṭaiḥ kāmaiś ca dvijasattamān |

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า ด้วยยัญพิธีเขาทำให้เหล่าเทวะอิ่มเอม และด้วยพิธีศราทธะเขาทำให้บรรพชนพึงใจด้วย อีกทั้งด้วยความกรุณาเขาเกื้อกูลผู้ยากไร้ทุกข์เข็ญ และด้วยการประทานสิ่งเสพสมตามปรารถนา เขาทำให้เหล่าทวิชผู้ประเสริฐยินดี

देवान्the gods
देवान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अतर्पयत्satisfied / propitiated
अतर्पयत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootतृप्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यज्ञैःby sacrifices
यज्ञैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
श्राद्धैःby śrāddha rites
श्राद्धैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
तथैवlikewise
तथैव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा + एव
पितॄन्the ancestors (pitṛs)
पितॄन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
दीनान्the poor / distressed
दीनान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदीन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अनुग्रहैःby favors / acts of kindness
अनुग्रहैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअनुग्रह
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
इष्टैःdesired / agreeable
इष्टैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootइष्ट
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
कामैःwith desired objects (enjoyments)
कामैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
द्विजसत्तमान्the best of the twice-born (excellent Brahmins)
द्विजसत्तमान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज-सत्तम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
D
Devas (gods)
P
Pitṛs (ancestors)
D
Dīnas (the poor/afflicted)
D
Dvijasattamas (foremost brāhmaṇas)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is fulfilled through a balanced life of sacred obligation and social responsibility: worship of the gods through yajña, honoring ancestors through śrāddha, and sustaining the community through compassion to the needy and respectful giving to worthy brāhmaṇas.

The narrator describes a ruler/patron’s exemplary conduct: he performs sacrifices for the gods, conducts ancestral rites for the pitṛs, supports the poor through acts of kindness, and pleases eminent brāhmaṇas by granting them desired gifts and enjoyments.