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Shloka 2

Āśramadharma and the Marks of the Muni

Yayāti–Aṣṭaka Saṃvāda

यथाकामं यथोत्साहं यथाकालं यथासुखम्‌ । धर्माविरुद्धं राजेन्द्र यथाहति स एव हि,राजेन्द्र! उनकी जैसी कामना होती, जैसा उत्साह होता और जैसा समय होता, उसके अनुसार वे सुखपूर्वक धर्मानुकूल भोगोंका उपभोग करते थे। वास्तवमें उसके योग्य वे ही थे

yathākāmaṁ yathotsāhaṁ yathākālaṁ yathāsukham | dharmāviruddhaṁ rājendra yathāhati sa eva hi ||

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า “ข้าแต่พระราชาผู้ประเสริฐ ตามความปรารถนา ตามกำลังใจ ตามกาลอันควร และตามความผาสุกของเขา เขาทั้งหลายเสวยสุขอันมิขัดต่อธรรมะ แท้จริงแล้ว ผู้ที่สมควรแก่ความสุขเช่นนั้นมีแต่เขาเท่านั้น”

यथाas/according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
कामम्desire, wish
कामम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यथाas/according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
उत्साहम्energy, enthusiasm
उत्साहम्:
TypeNoun
Rootउत्साह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यथाas/according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
कालम्time, occasion
कालम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यथाas/according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
सुखम्comfort, happiness
सुखम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
धर्मby/with dharma; righteousness
धर्म:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अविरुद्धम्not opposed (to), consistent (with)
अविरुद्धम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअविरुद्ध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
राजेन्द्रO king of kings
राजेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootराजेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यथाas/according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
अर्हतिis worthy, deserves
अर्हति:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, Third, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
हिfor, indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
R
rājendra (addressed king)

Educational Q&A

Enjoyment (kāma) is acceptable when it is regulated by time, capacity, and comfort, and—most importantly—when it does not conflict with dharma; worthiness is shown by ethical restraint in pleasure.

Vaiśampāyana describes the conduct of the subjects being spoken about: they partake of pleasures in a timely and fitting way, emphasizing that their enjoyment remains within the bounds of dharma and is therefore deserved.