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Shloka 30

Jaradkāru Encounters the Pitṛs

Jaratkāru-Pitṛdarśana

देवाद्‌ वृष्टि: प्रवर्तेत वृष्टरोषधय: स्मृता: । ओषधिभ्यो मनुष्याणां धारयन्‌ सततं हितम्‌,देवताके प्रसन्न होनेसे वर्षा होती है, वर्षसि अन्न पैदा होता है और अन्नसे निरन्तर मनुष्योंके हितका पोषण करते हुए राज्यका पालन करनेवाला राजा मनुष्योंके लिये विधाता (धारण-पोषण करनेवाला) है। राजा दस श्रोत्रियके समान है, ऐसा मनुजीने कहा है

devād vṛṣṭiḥ pravarteta vṛṣṭer oṣadhayaḥ smṛtāḥ | oṣadhibhyo manuṣyāṇāṃ dhārayan satataṃ hitam ||

เมื่อเหล่าเทพยินดี ฝนย่อมบังเกิดและไหลหลั่ง; จากฝนจึงมีพืชโอสถและอาหารเกิดขึ้น. ด้วยพืชและอาหารนั้น มนุษย์ทั้งหลายได้รับการค้ำจุน และความผาสุกถูกบำรุงอยู่เนืองนิตย์; พระราชาผู้ทรงอภิบาลแผ่นดิน จึงเป็นดุจ “ผู้ทรงธำรง” และ “ผู้ทรงอุปถัมภ์” แก่มนุษย์.

देवात्from the god(s)
देवात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
वृष्टिःrain
वृष्टिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृष्टि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
प्रवर्तेतwould arise / would occur
प्रवर्तेत:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र√वृत्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
वृष्टात्from rain
वृष्टात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootवृष्टि
FormFeminine, Ablative, Singular
ओषधयःplants / crops / herbs
ओषधयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootओषधि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
स्मृताःare said / are remembered (as)
स्मृताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootस्मृ (क्त)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
ओषधिभ्यःfrom plants/crops
ओषधिभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootओषधि
FormFeminine, Ablative, Plural
मनुष्याणाम्of humans
मनुष्याणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
धारयन्sustaining / supporting
धारयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootधृ (शतृ)
FormPresent participle, Parasmaipada, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
सततम्always / continually
सततम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
हितम्welfare / benefit
हितम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

शमीक उवाच

शमीक (Śamīka)
देव (the gods)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a chain of dependence—divine favor leads to rain, rain leads to crops, and crops sustain people—then links this to rājadharma: the king’s duty is to uphold and nourish society by ensuring conditions where people’s welfare is continuously maintained.

Śamīka is articulating a dharma-based explanation of social and cosmic order, emphasizing how prosperity and human well-being depend on proper alignment between divine forces, natural cycles, and the king’s sustaining governance.