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Shloka 31

Jaradkāru Encounters the Pitṛs

Jaratkāru-Pitṛdarśana

मनुष्याणां च यो धाता राजा राज्यकर: पुन: । दशश्रोत्रियसमो राजा इत्येवं मनुरब्रवीत्‌,देवताके प्रसन्न होनेसे वर्षा होती है, वर्षसि अन्न पैदा होता है और अन्नसे निरन्तर मनुष्योंके हितका पोषण करते हुए राज्यका पालन करनेवाला राजा मनुष्योंके लिये विधाता (धारण-पोषण करनेवाला) है। राजा दस श्रोत्रियके समान है, ऐसा मनुजीने कहा है

manuṣyāṇāṃ ca yo dhātā rājā rājyakaraḥ punaḥ | daśaśrotriyasamo rājā ity evaṃ manur abravīt ||

พระราชาผู้เป็น “ธาตา” แก่มนุษย์—ผู้ค้ำจุนและบำรุงเลี้ยง—และทรงบริหารราชอาณาจักรให้ถูกต้อง ย่อมมีคุณค่าเสมอด้วยศฺโรตริยะสิบคน ดังที่มานุตรัสไว้.

मनुष्याणाम्of men / of humans
मनुष्याणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धाताsupporter; sustainer; ordainer
धाता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधातृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राज्यकरःone who makes/maintains the kingdom (state-sustainer)
राज्यकरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootराज्यकर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुनःagain; moreover
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
दशश्रोत्रियसमःequal to ten learned Brahmins (śrotriyas)
दशश्रोत्रियसमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदश-श्रोत्रिय-सम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
एवम्in this manner
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
मनुःManu
मनुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said; spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

शमीक उवाच

Ś
Śamīka
M
Manu
K
King (rājā)
Ś
Śrotriya

Educational Q&A

The verse elevates righteous kingship as a dharmic duty: a king who sustains and properly governs society is a vital upholder of human welfare, and Manu’s authority is cited to state that such a king’s merit equals that of ten Veda-learned śrotriyas.

Śamīka is speaking and invokes Manu’s dictum to emphasize the king’s religious-ethical stature as protector and sustainer of the people, framing governance itself as a sacred responsibility.