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Shloka 16

और्वोपाख्यानम्

Aurva Episode: Restoration of Sight and Restraint of World-Destructive Anger

अजुन उवाच समुद्रे हिमवत्पाश्वे नद्यामस्यां च दुर्मते । रात्रावहनि संध्यायां कस्य गुप्त: परिग्रह:,अर्जुन बोले-<दुर्मते! समुद्र, हिमालयकी तराई और गंगानदीके तटपर रात, दिन अथवा संध्याके समय किसका अधिकार सुरक्षित है?

arjuna uvāca samudre himavatpārśve nadyām asyāṁ ca durmate | rātrāv ahani sandhyāyāṁ kasya guptaḥ parigrahaḥ ||

อรชุนกล่าวว่า: “โอ้ผู้มีจิตคิดร้าย! ณ ชายฝั่งสมุทร ณ เชิงหิมวาน และ ณ ริมฝั่งแม่น้ำนี้—ไม่ว่ากลางคืน กลางวัน หรือยามสนธยา—สิทธิของผู้ใดเล่าจะรักษาไว้ให้มั่นคงได้จริง? ใครกันจะยึดครองสิ่งนั้นประหนึ่งเป็นทรัพย์สินส่วนตนที่มีผู้คุ้มกันและเป็นของตนแต่ผู้เดียว?”

अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
समुद्रेin/at the sea
समुद्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमुद्र
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
हिमवत्पार्श्वेon the side/foothills of Himavat (Himalaya)
हिमवत्पार्श्वे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootहिमवत्-पार्श्व
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
नद्याम्in/at the river
नद्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनदी
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
अस्याम्in this (river/place)
अस्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दुर्मतेO evil-minded one / O fool
दुर्मते:
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्मति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
रात्रौat night
रात्रौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
अहनिin the day / by day
अहनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
संध्यायाम्at twilight
संध्यायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंध्या
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
कस्यof whom / whose
कस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
गुप्तःprotected, secured
गुप्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootगुप्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परिग्रहःpossession, claim, right
परिग्रहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरिग्रह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
S
Samudra (the sea)
H
Himavat (Himalaya)
N
Nadī (this river)

Educational Q&A

The verse challenges the idea of secure, exclusive ownership over open and contested spaces (seashores, riverbanks, mountain foothills), implying that attachment to possession (parigraha) is fragile and ethically questionable when it rests on force or opportunism.

Arjuna addresses an opponent as “durmate” and questions whose ‘protected claim’ can exist in such public, liminal places and times (night/day/twilight), using rhetorical force to undermine the other party’s assertion of right or control.