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Shloka 25

Ādi Parva, Adhyāya 115 — Mādri’s request; invocation of the Aśvins; birth and naming of the Pāṇḍavas

जज्ञे क्रमेण चैतेन तेषां दुर्योधनो नृपः । जन्मतस्तु प्रमाणेन ज्येष्ठो राजा युधिछ्िर:,तदनन्तर दो वर्ष बीतनेपर जिस क्रमसे वे गर्भ उन कुण्डोंमें स्थापित किये गये थे, उसी क्रमसे उनमें सबसे पहले राजा दुर्योधन उत्पन्न हुआ। जन्मकालके प्रमाणसे राजा युधिष्ठिर उससे भी ज्येष्ठ थे

jajñe krameṇa caitena teṣāṃ duryodhano nṛpaḥ | janmatas tu pramāṇena jyeṣṭho rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ||

ต่อมา ตามลำดับที่ครรภ์ทั้งหลายถูกวางไว้ในหม้อใหญ่เหล่านั้น ในหมู่พวกเขา พระราชาทุรโยธนะได้ประสูติก่อนเป็นองค์แรก ทว่าโดยมาตรฐานแท้แห่งเวลาประสูติ พระราชายุธิษฐิระทรงเป็นผู้พี่เหนือพระองค์

जज्ञेwas born
जज्ञे:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (जने)
FormLiT (Perfect), Atmanepada, 3, Singular
क्रमेणin order / sequentially
क्रमेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्रम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतेनby this (manner/means)
एतेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृपःthe king
नृपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जन्मतःfrom birth / by birth
जन्मतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मन्
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
प्रमाणेनby the evidence/measure (of time)
प्रमाणेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाण
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
ज्येष्ठःelder
ज्येष्ठः:
TypeAdjective
Rootज्येष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
D
Duryodhana
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes between mere sequence of emergence and the rightful criterion of seniority by actual birth-time, hinting at how claims to precedence and kingship should rest on proper standards rather than convenient appearances.

Vaiśampāyana explains that although Duryodhana appeared first according to the order in which the embryos were arranged, Yudhiṣṭhira is still considered older when judged by the true measure of birth.