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Shloka 16

आदि पर्व, अध्याय 104 — कर्णोत्पत्ति, दानधर्म, वैकर्तन-नामकरण

Karna’s Birth, Gift-Ethic, and the Name Vaikartana

त्यजेच्च पृथ्वी गन्धमापश्च रसमात्मन: । ज्योतिस्तथा त्यजेद्‌ रूप॑ वायु: स्पर्शगुणं त्यजेत्‌,“पृथ्वी अपनी गंध छोड़ दे, जल अपने रसका परित्याग कर दे, तेज रूपका और वायु स्पर्श नामक स्वाभाविक गुणका त्याग कर दे

tyajec ca pṛthivī gandham āpaś ca rasam ātmanaḥ | jyotis tathā tyajed rūpaṁ vāyuḥ sparśa-guṇaṁ tyajet |

“แม้แผ่นดินจะละทิ้งกลิ่นอันเป็นธรรมชาติของตน แม้น้ำจะละทิ้งรสของตน แม้ไฟจะละทิ้งรูปของตน และแม้ลมจะละทิ้งคุณแห่งการสัมผัสของตน—(ข้าก็มิอาจละทิ้งสวธรรมของตนได้)”

त्यजेत्should abandon
त्यजेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormVidhi-linga, Optative, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पृथ्वीthe earth
पृथ्वी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपृथ्वी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
गन्धम्smell, fragrance
गन्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगन्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आपःwaters
आपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
रसम्taste, sap
रसम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरस
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आत्मनःof itself
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
ज्योतिःlight, fire (tejas)
ज्योतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
त्यजेत्should abandon
त्यजेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormVidhi-linga, Optative, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
रूपम्form, color
रूपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरूप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वायुःwind
वायुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवायु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्पर्शगुणम्the quality of touch
स्पर्शगुणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्पर्शगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
त्यजेत्should abandon
त्यजेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormVidhi-linga, Optative, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
P
pṛthivī (earth)
Ā
āpaḥ (waters)
J
jyotis/tejas (fire/light)
V
vāyu (wind/air)

Educational Q&A

The verse uses the fixed qualities of the elements (earth-smell, water-taste, fire-form, air-touch) as an analogy for moral steadfastness: just as abandoning intrinsic properties would be unnatural, abandoning one’s own rightful duty and nature (svadharma) is a serious ethical lapse.

Vaiśampāyana is delivering a didactic statement within the Adi Parva narration, employing a cosmological analogy (the elements and their guṇas) to reinforce a moral point about remaining true to one’s ordained role and conduct.