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Shloka 9

Ādi Parva, Adhyāya 103 — Dhṛtarāṣṭra–Gāndhārī Vivāha: Proposal, Consent, and the Vow

मिथ्याप्रतिज्ञो लोकेषु कि वदिष्यति भारत | ब्रह्मचारीति भीष्मो हि वृथैव प्रथितो भुवि

mithyāpratijño lokeṣu kiṁ vadiṣyati bhārata | brahmacārīti bhīṣmo hi vṛthaiva prathito bhuvi

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า—“โอ ภารตะ ผู้ที่เป็นที่รู้จักในโลกว่าเป็นผู้ผิดสัตย์ปฏิญาณ จะกล่าวสิ่งใดเพื่อแก้ต่างตนได้เล่า? เพราะฉะนั้นชื่อเสียงของภีษมะบนแผ่นดินว่าเป็นพรหมจารีตลอดชีวิต ก็จักกลายเป็นความว่างเปล่าไร้ความหมาย”

मिथ्याfalsely, untruly
मिथ्या:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमिथ्या
प्रतिज्ञःone whose vow/promise is (so), a promiser (here: false to his vow)
प्रतिज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतिज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लोकेषुin the worlds; among people
लोकेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वदिष्यतिwill say/speak
वदिष्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
भारतO Bhārata
भारत:
TypeNoun (vocative proper name/epithet)
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
ब्रह्मचारीa celibate student; one observing brahmacarya
ब्रह्मचारी:
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मचारिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus, as (quoted)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
भीष्मःBhīṣma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun (proper name)
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
वृथाin vain, falsely
वृथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवृथा
एवonly, indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
प्रथितःrenowned, famed
प्रथितः:
TypeAdjective (past passive participle)
Rootप्रथित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भुविon earth
भुवि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभू
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
B
Bhārata (Janamejaya)
B
Bhīṣma (Devavrata)
E
Earth (bhuvi)
W
Worlds/people (lokeṣu)

Educational Q&A

A vow (pratijñā) is an ethical anchor: if one becomes known as a breaker of promises, public trust collapses and even genuine virtues (like Bhīṣma’s famed brahmacarya) lose their moral force and meaning.

Vaiśampāyana underscores the stakes of fidelity to a pledge: he argues that if a pledge is violated, the person will have no credible defense before society, and Bhīṣma’s celebrated identity as a lifelong celibate would be rendered pointless.