Shloka 9

Prāyaścitta for Mahāpātakas — Brahmahatyā, Association with the Fallen, and Tīrtha-Based Purification

Devanagari script

संवत्सरं तु पतितैः संसर्गं कुरुते तु यः / यानशय्यासनैर्नित्यं जानन् वै पतितो भवेत्

Transliteration

saṃvatsaraṃ tu patitaiḥ saṃsargaṃ kurute tu yaḥ / yānaśayyāsanairnityaṃ jānan vai patito bhavet

Translation

ผู้ใดรู้ทั้งรู้คบหากับผู้ตกต่ำตลอดหนึ่งปี และเป็นนิตย์ร่วมยานพาหนะ ที่นอน และที่นั่งกับเขา ผู้นั้นย่อมตกต่ำตามไปโดยแท้

Word by Word

• संवत्सरम्: for a year
• संवत्सरम्: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संवत्सर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; काल-अवधि (duration)

• तु: but
• तु: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), contrast

• पतितैः: with outcastes/fallen persons
• पतितैः: Sahakaraka (सह/साधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पतित (प्रातिपदिक; from पत् (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन

• संसर्गम्: association/contact
• संसर्गम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संसर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• कुरुते: does/makes
• कुरुते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle)

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सम्बन्धक

• यान-शय्या-आसनैः: by/with vehicles, beds, and seats
• यान-शय्या-आसनैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यान (प्रातिपदिक) + शय्या (प्रातिपदिक) + आसन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व—‘by vehicles, beds, and seats’

• नित्यम्: always
• नित्यम्: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण (adverb) ‘always’ (avyayībhāva-usage of neuter acc.)

• जानन्: knowing
• जानन्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ज्ञा (धातु) → जानत् (कृदन्त, शतृ)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (present active participle, शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्तरि—‘knowing (it)’

• वै: indeed
• वै: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), emphatic

• पतितः: fallen/outcaste
• पतितः: Kartṛ-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृसमानाधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पतित (प्रातिपदिक; from पत् (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (predicate adjective)

• भवेत्: would become
• भवेत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

Speaker

Kurma (Vishnu) instructing sages on dharma and the ethics of association (saṅga)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Characters & Entities

• Kurma (Vishnu)
• patita (fallen persons)

More Details (3 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

Indirectly: it emphasizes that spiritual progress depends on disciplined conduct (dharma) and purity of association, which supports steadiness of mind needed for Self-knowledge.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

No specific technique is named; the verse gives a foundational yogic ethic—guarding saṅga (company) and daily habits—seen as necessary preparation for mantra, meditation, and Pāśupata-style discipline.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

It does not explicitly discuss Shiva–Vishnu unity; it reflects the shared puranic dharma framework that undergirds both Shaiva and Vaishnava paths, especially the emphasis on purity and right conduct.