Shloka 52

Dharma of Non-Injury, Non-Stealing, Purity, and Avoidance of Hypocrisy (Ācāra and Saṅkarya-Nivṛtti)

Devanagari script

न चैवास्मै व्रतं दद्यान्न च धर्मं वदेद् बुधः / न च क्रोधवशं गच्छेद् द्वेषं रागं च वर्जयेत्

Transliteration

na caivāsmai vrataṃ dadyānna ca dharmaṃ vaded budhaḥ / na ca krodhavaśaṃ gacched dveṣaṃ rāgaṃ ca varjayet

Translation

ผู้มีปัญญาไม่ควรกำหนดว्रตให้เขา และไม่ควรสั่งสอนธรรมแก่เขา ไม่ควรตกอยู่ใต้อำนาจความโกรธ และควรละทั้งความเกลียดชังกับความยึดติด.

Word by Word

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय

• अस्मै: to him
• अस्मै: Sampradana (सम्प्रदानम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/सामान्य, चतुर्थी (सम्प्रदान), एकवचनम्; सर्वनाम

• व्रतम्: vow/observance
• व्रतम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचनम्

• दद्यात्: should give
• दद्यात्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्, परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; ‘should give’ (निषेधेन: should not give)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• धर्मम्: dharma/duty
• धर्मम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्

• वदेत्: should tell
• वदेत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वद् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्, परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; ‘should speak/tell’ (निषेधेन)

• बुधः: a wise man
• बुधः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बुध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचनम्

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• क्रोधवशम्: under anger’s control
• क्रोधवशम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रोध + वश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः ‘क्रोधस्य वशः’ = under the control of anger

• गच्छेत्: should go
• गच्छेत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्, परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; ‘should go/come to’ (निषेधेन)

• द्वेषम्: hatred
• द्वेषम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वेष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्

• रागम्: attachment/passion
• रागम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• वर्जयेत्: should avoid
• वर्जयेत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृज्/वर्ज् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्, परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; ‘should avoid’ (निषेधार्थे विधिलिङ्)

Speaker

Lord Kurma (Vishnu) instructing the sages (context of Upari-bhaga teachings)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Characters & Entities

• Lord Kurma
• Vishnu
• Dharma
• Vrata
• Krodha
• Dvesha
• Raga

More Details (3 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

By urging freedom from anger, hatred, and attachment, the verse points to inner steadiness (sattva) required for Self-knowledge—since the Atman is realized when the mind is no longer driven by reactive passions.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

It emphasizes foundational yogic restraints: mastering krodha (anger) and renouncing dveṣa-rāga (aversion-attachment). These are prerequisite disciplines for higher practices in Pashupata-oriented sadhana and contemplation taught in the Kurma Purana’s Upari-bhaga.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

Though not naming Shiva directly, the instruction reflects the shared yogic-ethical core honored across Shaiva and Vaishnava streams in the Kurma Purana: purification through restraint as the gateway to realizing the one Supreme.