Shloka 42
Bhārgava Rāma at Māhiṣmatī: Narmadā-stuti and the Challenge to Kārttavīryārjuna
Devanagari script
दृष्ट्वा तमित्थं प्रहरन्तमोजसा रामं रणे शस्त्रभृतां वरिष्ठम् / उद्यम्य चापं महदास्थितो रथं सृज्यं च कृत्वा किलमन्स्यराजः
Transliteration
dṛṣṭvā tamitthaṃ praharantamojasā rāmaṃ raṇe śastrabhṛtāṃ variṣṭham / udyamya cāpaṃ mahadāsthito rathaṃ sṛjyaṃ ca kṛtvā kilamansyarājaḥ
Translation
ครั้นเห็นพระรามผู้เลิศในหมู่นักรบถือศัสตรา โจมตีด้วยเดชานุภาพเช่นนั้น พระราชามานัสยะจึงยกคันศรใหญ่ ขึ้นประทับรถศึก และเตรียมปล่อยศร
Word by Word
dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), indeclinable
tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म/Object of ‘dṛṣṭvā’)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular
itthamthus/in this manner
ittham:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootittham (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (प्रकारवाचक अव्यय)
praharantamstriking/attacking
praharantam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-√hṛ (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Accusative, Singular; qualifying ‘rāmam’
ojasāwith force
ojasā:
Karaṇa (करण/Means)
TypeNoun
Rootojas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd), Singular
rāmamRama
rāmam:
Karma (कर्म/Object of ‘dṛṣṭvā’)
TypeNoun
Rootrāma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular
raṇein battle
raṇe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular
śastra-bhṛtāmof the weapon-bearers
śastra-bhṛtām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootśastra (प्रातिपदिक) + bhṛt (√bhṛ धातु + क्त)
FormTatpuruṣa ‘weapon-bearers’; Masculine, Genitive (6th), Plural
variṣṭhamthe best
variṣṭham:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvariṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक; superlative)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; superlative (तमप्) qualifying ‘rāmam’
udyamyahaving raised
udyamya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootud-√yam (धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्)
FormGerund (ल्यप्), indeclinable; ‘having lifted/raised’
cāpambow
cāpam:
Karma (कर्म/Object of ‘udyamya’)
TypeNoun
Rootcāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular
mahatgreat
mahat:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular; qualifying ‘ratham’ (as ‘mahān rathaḥ’ in sense)
āsthitaḥmounted/standing on
āsthitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; predicate to subject)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√sthā (धातु) + kta (क्त)
FormPast participle (क्त) used predicatively; Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; ‘having mounted/standing upon’
rathamchariot
ratham:
Karma (कर्म/Object of ‘āsthitaḥ’)
TypeNoun
Rootratha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular
sṛjyam(something) to be released/shot
sṛjyam:
Karma (कर्म; object in ‘kṛtvā’)
TypeAdjective
Rootsṛjya (प्रातिपदिक; gerundive from √sṛj)
FormGerundive (तव्यत्/यत् sense), Neuter, Accusative, Singular; ‘to be discharged/shot’ (as arrow/weapon)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)
kṛtvāhaving made/done
kṛtvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
FormGerund (क्त्वान्त), indeclinable
kilaindeed/it is said
kila:
Nipāta (निपात/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkila (अव्यय)
FormParticle indicating report/emphasis (खलु/किलार्थक अव्यय)
mānsyarājaḥthe king of Mānsya
mānsyarājaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject of implied action)
TypeNoun
Rootmānsya (प्रातिपदिक) + rāja (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (षष्ठी/देश-विशेष) ‘king of Mānsya’; Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular