Shloka 23
Adhyaya 234 — The Threefold Suffering and the Path to Ultimate Dissolution
Devanagari script
को धर्मः कश् च वाधर्मः कस्मिन् वर्तेत वै कथम् किं कर्तव्यम् अकर्तव्यं किं वा किं गुणदोषवत् //
Translation
ไม่ได้ให้บทสันสกฤตต้นฉบับของโศลกนี้ จึงไม่อาจแปลได้อย่างถูกต้องตามความหมายเดิม
Word by Word
kaḥwhat/which
kaḥ:
Prashna (प्रश्न)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
dharmaḥdharma, right conduct
dharmaḥ:
Prashna-predicative (प्रश्न-विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
kaḥwhat/which
kaḥ:
Prashna (प्रश्न)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
vāor
vā:
Vikalpa (विकल्प)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
FormDisjunctive particle (विकल्पबोधक अव्यय)
adharmaḥadharma, wrong conduct
adharmaḥ:
Prashna-predicative (प्रश्न-विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Roota- (नञ्) + dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); negative (नञ्)
kasminin what (place/thing)
kasmin:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Neuter/Masculine (नपुंसक/पुं), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
vartetashould act/should exist
varteta:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vṛt (वृत्) (धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
vaiindeed
vai:
Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (निश्चयार्थक/अवधारण अव्यय)
kathamhow
katham:
Prakāra (प्रकार/प्रश्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
FormInterrogative adverb (प्रश्नवाचक अव्यय)
kimwhat
kim:
Prashna (प्रश्न)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular (एकवचन)
kartavyamwhat ought to be done
kartavyam:
Prashna-predicative (प्रश्न-विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Root√kṛ (कृ) (धातु)
FormGerundive (तव्यत्), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular (एकवचन)
akartavyamwhat ought not to be done
akartavyam:
Prashna-predicative (प्रश्न-विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Roota- (नञ्) + √kṛ (कृ) (धातु)
FormGerundive with negation (नञ् + तव्यत्), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular (एकवचन)
kimwhat
kim:
Prashna (प्रश्न)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular (एकवचन)
vāor
vā:
Vikalpa (विकल्प)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
FormDisjunctive particle (विकल्पबोधक अव्यय)
kimwhat
kim:
Prashna (प्रश्न)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular (एकवचन)
guṇa-doṣa-vathaving merits and faults
guṇa-doṣa-vat:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootguṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + doṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + -vat (मतुप् प्रत्यय)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular (एकवचन); द्वन्द्वः: guṇāś ca doṣāś ca; matup-derivative (वत्) = 'possessing'
Speaker
Not specified in the provided excerpt.