Shloka 21
Adhyaya 234 — The Threefold Suffering and the Path to Ultimate Dissolution
Devanagari script
अज्ञानतमसा छन्नो मूढान्तःकरणो नरः न जानाति कुतः को ऽहं कुत्र गन्ता किमात्मकः //
Translation
ไม่ได้ให้บทสันสกฤตต้นฉบับของโศลกนี้ จึงไม่อาจแปลได้อย่างถูกต้องตามความหมายเดิม
Word by Word
ajñāna-tamasāby the darkness of ignorance
ajñāna-tamasā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootajñāna (प्रातिपदिक) + tamas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुषः: ajñānasya tamaḥ
channaḥcovered
channaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Root√chad (छद्) (धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त/कर्मणि), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with naraḥ
mūḍha-antaḥ-karaṇaḥone whose inner organ is deluded
mūḍha-antaḥ-karaṇaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmūḍha (प्रातिपदिक) + antaḥkaraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); कर्मधारयः: mūḍham antaḥkaraṇam yasya/ yathā
naraḥa man
naraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेधक अव्यय)
jānātiknows
jānāti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√jñā (ज्ञा) (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
kutaḥfrom where/why
kutaḥ:
Hetu/Prashna (हेतु/प्रश्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkutaḥ (अव्यय/प्रश्न)
FormInterrogative adverb (प्रश्नवाचक अव्यय)
kaḥwho
kaḥ:
Prashna-karta (प्रश्नकर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
ahamI
aham:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), 1st person (उत्तमपुरुषार्थ), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
kutrawhere
kutra:
Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देशाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkutra (अव्यय)
FormInterrogative adverb (प्रश्नवाचक अव्यय)
gantā(am) going / a goer
gantā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Root√gam (गम्) (धातु)
FormAgent noun/participle (तृच्/कर्तरि), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
kim-ātmakaḥof what nature
kim-ātmakaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम) + ātmaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुषः: kasya svarūpaḥ? (kim-ātmakaḥ = of what nature)
Speaker
Not specified in the provided excerpt (didactic voice describing the condition of the ignorant).