Brahma Purana — On Varna Mobility Through Conduct, Karma, and Food-Ethics, Shloka 10
Devanagari script
केन वा कर्मणा विप्रः शूद्रयोनौ प्रजायते क्षत्रियः शूद्रताम् एति केन वा कर्मणा विभो //
Translation
คาถาที่สิบสรรเสริญการปรนนิบัติสถานศักดิ์สิทธิ์ การให้ทาน การภาวนา (ชปะ) และการศึกษาพระเวทด้วยตนเองเป็นนิตย์; ด้วยสิ่งนี้จิตย่อมผ่องใสและเกิดประโยชน์แก่โลก.
Word by Word
kenaby what?
kena:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
FormInstrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग) interrogative pronoun
vāor
vā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), disjunctive ‘or’
karmaṇāby what action/deed
karmaṇā:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootkarman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormInstrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग)
vipraḥa brāhmaṇa (vipra)
vipraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootvipra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
śūdra-yonauin a śūdra womb/birth
śūdra-yonau:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootśūdra (प्रातिपदिक) + yoni (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘śūdrasya yoniḥ’ → ‘śūdrayoni’
prajāyateis born
prajāyate:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootjan (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
kṣatriyaḥa kṣatriya
kṣatriyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣatriya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
śūdratāmśūdra-hood; śūdra status
śūdratām:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootśūdratā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
etigoes/comes to; becomes
eti:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rooti (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
kenaby what?
kena:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
FormInstrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग) interrogative pronoun
vāor
vā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), disjunctive ‘or’
karmaṇāby what deed
karmaṇā:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootkarman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormInstrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग)
vibhoO mighty one
vibho:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
TypeNoun
Rootvibhu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)
Speaker
Umā addresses Śiva.