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Srimad Bhagavatam — Ekadasha Skandha, Shloka 57

Varṇāśrama-dharma as a Path to Bhakti

Yuga-dharma Origins, Universal Virtues, Brahmacarya and Gṛhastha Duties

अहो मे पितरौ वृद्धौ भार्या बालात्मजात्मजा: । अनाथा मामृते दीना: कथं जीवन्ति दु:खिता: ॥ ५७ ॥

aho me pitarau vṛddhau bhāryā bālātmajātmajāḥ anāthā mām ṛte dīnāḥ kathaṁ jīvanti duḥkhitāḥ

“โอ้! บิดามารดาของเราชราภาพ ภรรยาของเรามีทารกอยู่ในอ้อมแขน และลูกน้อยคนอื่น ๆ ของเรา; หากไร้เราเขาจะไร้ที่พึ่ง ยากไร้และทุกข์หนัก เขาจะอยู่กันอย่างไร?”

अहोalas!/oh!
अहो:
Sambodhana/Exclamation (सम्बोधन/उद्गार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअहो (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विस्मय/उद्गार (interjection)
मेmy
मे:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th/genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
पितरौ(my) two parents
पितरौ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/nominative), द्विवचन
वृद्धौaged, old
वृद्धौ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, द्विवचन; विशेषण (qualifying पितरौ)
भार्याwife
भार्या:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन
बाल-आत्मज-आत्मजाःgrandchildren (children of the young son)
बाल-आत्मज-आत्मजाः:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootबाल (प्रातिपदिक) + आत्मज (प्रातिपदिक) + आत्मजा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (बालस्य आत्मजस्य आत्मजाः = grandchildren of the young son)
अनाथाःhelpless, without protector
अनाथाः:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनाथ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/स्त्री (सामान्य-रूप); प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (पितरौ/भार्या/आत्मजाः)
माम्me
माम्:
Apadana/Reference (अपादान/वियोग-निर्देश)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया (2nd/accusative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
ऋतेwithout, except
ऋते:
Apadana (अपादान/without)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऋते (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; वियोगार्थक-उपपद (preposition-like indeclinable) ‘without’; उपपदेन द्वितीया (माम्)
दीनाःpoor, wretched
दीनाः:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदीन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/स्त्री (सामान्य-रूप); प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण
कथम्how?
कथम्:
Kriya-vishesana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रश्नार्थक क्रियाविशेषण (interrogative adverb)
जीवन्तिlive, survive
जीवन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootजीव् (धातु)
Formलट् (present), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन
दुःखिताःafflicted, sorrowful
दुःखिताः:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःखित (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त-भाव)
Formपुं/स्त्री (सामान्य-रूप); प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण
U
Uddhava
Ś
Śrī Kṛṣṇa

FAQs

This verse captures a common householder fear—worry that dependents will suffer without one’s protection—highlighting how attachment produces anxiety and becomes an obstacle to spiritual detachment.

In Kṛṣṇa’s teachings to Uddhava, such statements are presented to expose the psychology of worldly attachment—how identification as “protector” binds the soul—and to redirect one toward reliance on the Supreme Protector.

Do your duties responsibly, but reduce possessiveness: remember that loved ones are ultimately protected by God and time, not by ego. Practice devotion and steady duty (dharma) without panic-driven attachment.