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Shloka 39

Duryodhana’s Envy at Yudhiṣṭhira’s Rājasūya and the Avabhṛtha Festival

स व्रीडितोऽवाग‍्वदनो रुषा ज्वलन् निष्क्रम्य तूष्णीं प्रययौ गजाह्वयम् । हाहेति शब्द: सुमहानभूत् सता- मजातशत्रुर्विमना इवाभवत् । बभूव तूष्णीं भगवान् भुवो भरं समुज्जिहीर्षुर्भ्रमति स्म यद् द‍ृशा ॥ ३९ ॥

sa vrīḍito ’vag-vadano ruṣā jvalan niṣkramya tūṣṇīṁ prayayau gajāhvayam hā-heti śabdaḥ su-mahān abhūt satām ajāta-śatrur vimanā ivābhavat babhūva tūṣṇīṁ bhagavān bhuvo bharaṁ samujjihīrṣur bhramati sma yad-dṛśā

ทุรโยธนะอับอายและเดือดดาล ก้มหน้าออกไปเงียบ ๆ แล้วกลับสู่คชาหวายะ (หัสดินาปุระ) ที่นั่นมีเสียงร้อง “อนิจจา! อนิจจา!” ดังลั่น เหล่าสาธุชนเศร้าโศก และพระเจ้ายุธิษฐิระผู้ไร้ศัตรูก็หม่นหมองเล็กน้อย แต่พระภควานศรีกฤษณะ—เพียงเหลียวมองก็ทำให้เขาหลง—ทรงนิ่งเงียบ เพราะทรงมุ่งจะปลดเปลื้องภาระแห่งแผ่นดิน

सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
व्रीडितःashamed
व्रीडितः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootव्रीड् (व्रीड् धातु) (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण
अवाक्-वदनःwith face turned down
अवाक्-वदनः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootअवाक् (अव्यय/उपपद) + वदन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास (‘अवाक्’ = अधोमुख; ‘अवाक् वदनः’); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण
रुषाwith anger
रुषा:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootरुषा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
ज्वलन्burning (with rage)
ज्वलन्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootज्वल् (ज्वल् धातु) (कृदन्त)
Formवर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सहक्रिया
निष्क्रम्यhaving departed
निष्क्रम्य:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootनिस् + क्रम् (क्रम् धातु) (कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive), अव्ययभाव; ‘having gone out’
तूष्णीम्silently
तूष्णीम्:
None (अकारक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतूष्णीम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (क्रियाविशेषण: manner)
प्रययौwent
प्रययौ:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootया (या धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; ‘गमन’
गजाह्वयम्to Hastinapura (Elephant-called city)
गजाह्वयम्:
Gati/Karma (गति/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootगज (प्रातिपदिक) + आह्वय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (कर्मधारय/षष्ठीभाव: ‘गज-आह्वय’ = ‘गजः आह्वयः यस्य/यत्र’ नाम); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; नगरनाम
हाalas!
हा:
None (अकारक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहा (अव्यय)
Formउद्गार (interjection)
हाalas!
हा:
None (अकारक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहा (अव्यय)
Formउद्गार (interjection)
इतिthus
इति:
None (अकारक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (quotative particle)
शब्दःa sound/cry
शब्दः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशब्द (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
सु-महान्very great
सु-महान्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formउपपद-विशेषण; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘अतिशय’
अभूत्arose/was
अभूत्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (भू धातु)
Formलङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
सताम्of the virtuous
सताम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootसत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन
अजात-शत्रुःAjātaśatru (Yudhishthira)
अजात-शत्रुः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअ (नञ्) + जात (कृदन्त) + शत्रु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीहि-समास (‘अजातः शत्रुः यस्य’ = one whose enemy is not born); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; युधिष्ठिर-पर्याय
विमनाःdowncast
विमनाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootवि + मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण
इवas if
इव:
None (अकारक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमानवाचक अव्यय (particle of comparison)
अभवत्became/was
अभवत्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (भू धातु)
Formलङ्-लकार, परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
बभूवremained/was
बभूव:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (भू धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
तूष्णीम्silent
तूष्णीम्:
None (अकारक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतूष्णीम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb)
भगवान्the Lord
भगवान्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
भुवःof the earth
भुवः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootभू (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
भरम्burden
भरम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootभर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
समुज्जिहीर्षुःwishing to remove (lift away)
समुज्जिहीर्षुः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootसम् + उद् + हृ (हृ धातु) (कृदन्त)
Formइच्छार्थक कृदन्त (सन्/इच्छार्थ ‘-इषु’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘उद्धर्तुम् इच्छन्’
भ्रमतिwanders/is deluded
भ्रमति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभ्रम् (भ्रम् धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
स्मindeed/used to
स्म:
None (अकारक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्म (अव्यय)
Formस्म-निपात (past/continuative particle with verb)
यत्which/that (by which)
यत्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative)
दृशाby (his) sight
दृशा:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootदृश्/दृशा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Śrīla Prabhupāda writes: “When Duryodhana left in such an angry mood, everyone regretted the incident, and King Yudhiṣṭhira also became very sorry. But despite all occurrences, Kṛṣṇa was silent. He did not say anything against or in favor of the incident. It appeared that Duryodhana had been put into illusion by the supreme will of Lord Kṛṣṇa, and this was the beginning of the enmity between the two sects of the Kuru dynasty. This appeared to be a part of Kṛṣṇa’s plan in His mission to decrease the burden of the world.”

Ś
Śrī Kṛṣṇa
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira (Ajātaśatru)

FAQs

This verse states that Bhagavān Kṛṣṇa was intent on lifting the earth’s burden and, even while remaining outwardly silent, set events in motion simply by His glance.

The verse describes him as both ashamed and burning with anger; therefore he withdrew in silence and returned to Hastināpura, while the saintly lamented and Yudhiṣṭhira appeared troubled.

It highlights that divine will can work subtly; a devotee can practice steadiness—avoiding reactive speech—trusting that dharma is ultimately upheld even when outcomes unfold quietly.