Atharva Veda 9.2.5: Kanda 9, Anuvaka 1, Sukta 2, Mantra 5

Sukta 2

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

सा ते॑ काम दुहि॒ता धे॒नुरु॑च्यते॒ यामा॒हुर्वाचं॑ क॒वयो॑ वि॒राज॑म्। तया॑ स॒पत्ना॑न् परि॑ वृङ्ग्धि॒ ये मम॒ पर्ये॑नान् प्रा॒णः प॒शवो॒ जीव॑नं वृणक्तु

IAST Transliteration

sā́ te kāma duhitā́ dhénur ucyate yā́m ā́hur vā́caṃ kaváyo virā́jam | táyā sapatnā́n pári vṛṅgdhi yé máma páry enān prāṇáḥ páśavo jī́vanaṃ vṛṇaktu ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

That daughter of thine, O Kāma, is called the Milch-cow—her whom the poets call Speech, the radiant Virāj. With her strip away the rivals who encompass me; and may breath, cattle, and life choose and win these for me.

Translation

โอ้กามะ (Kāma) ธิดาของท่านนั้นเรียกว่า “โคนม”—กวีทั้งหลายเรียกนางว่า “วาจา” (Vāc) ผู้รุ่งเรือง คือ “วิราช” (Virāj) ด้วยนางนั้น ขอท่านจงลอกถอนศัตรูคู่แข่ง (sapatna) ที่ล้อมข้าพเจ้าอยู่ และขอให้ลมหายใจ (prāṇa) โคกระบือ และชีวิต เลือกและได้มาซึ่งสิ่งเหล่านี้เพื่อข้าพเจ้า

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Word by Word

• सा: she/that (fem.)
• सा: Kartā (संबन्ध-निर्देशक) / विशेष्य-संबन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ते: of you/for you
• ते: सम्बन्ध (Genitive) / Sampradāna-सूचक
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• काम: O Desire (Kāma)
• काम: सम्बोधन (address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काम (प्रातिपदिक)

• दुहिता: daughter
• दुहिता: Kartā (उच्यते इत्यस्य) / विशेष्य
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुहितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• धेनुः: cow; milch-cow
• धेनुः: Kartā (उच्यते इत्यस्य) / विशेष्य
• Type: Noun
• Root: धेनु (प्रातिपदिक)

• उच्यते: is called / is said
• उच्यते: (कर्मणि) — कर्तृ-स्थानं ‘दुहिता/धेनुः’
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)

• याम्: whom
• याम्: Karma (आहुः इत्यस्य) / सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• आहुः: they have said / call
• आहुः: Kartā (कवयः) सहित
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह् (धातु) / ब्रू (अर्थे)

• वाचम्: speech
• वाचम्: Karma (आहुः) / उपपद
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाच् (प्रातिपदिक)

• कवयः: seers/poets
• कवयः: Kartā (आहुः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कवि (प्रातिपदिक)

• विराजम्: Virāj (the radiant/metre); splendid
• विराजम्: Karma/विशेषण (वाचम्)
• Type: Noun (proper/abstract) / Adjective
• Root: विराज् (प्रातिपदिक; देवीनाम)

• तया: with her/with that
• तया: Karaṇa (instrument) / साधन
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सपत्नान्: rivals/enemies
• सपत्नान्: Karma (वृङ्ग्धि)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सपत्नी/सपत्न (प्रातिपदिक)

• परि: around; completely
• परि: क्रियाविशेषण/उपसर्ग (वृङ्ग्धि)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• वृङ्ग्धि: drive away; ward off; remove
• वृङ्ग्धि: क्रिया; (अन्तर्निहित कर्ता = त्वम्/काम)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृज्/वृञ्ज् (धातु; ‘वृङ्ग्धि’ = लोट्)

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: Kartā (वृणक्तु) / सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• मम: my
• मम: सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• पर्येनान्: those around (me); those encircling
• पर्येनान्: Karma (वृणक्तु) / लक्ष्य
• Type: Pronoun (with preverb) / Indeclinable-like compound
• Root: परि + एन (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक ‘एन’ = ‘एतद्/इदम्’ का एन्क्लिटिक रूप)

• प्राणः: breath; vital force
• प्राणः: Kartā (वृणक्तु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्राण (प्रातिपदिक)

• पशवः: cattle; livestock
• पशवः: Kartā (वृणक्तु) (प्राणः सह समुच्चय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पशु (प्रातिपदिक)

• जीवनम्: life; living
• जीवनम्: Karma (वृणक्तु)
• Type: Noun (abstract)
• Root: जीवन (प्रातिपदिक) / √जीव् (धातु) से भाव

• वृणक्तु: may (it) choose/protect; may secure
• वृणक्तु: क्रिया; कर्ता = प्राणः (तथा पशवः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृज्/वृञ्ज् (धातु) अथवा √वृ (वरणे) — पाठानुसार ‘वृणक्तु’ (आशीर्लिङ्/लोट्-सम्भाव्य) ‘choose/protect’ अर्थे

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic transmission (Kāma-cycle)

Devata: Kāma; Vāc/Virāj as his ‘daughter’ and operative power

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh-like (with Atharvanic flexibility)

Mantra Rasa

Primary: adbhuta

Secondary: shanta