Atharva Veda 12.2.12 — Kanda 12, Anuvaka 1, Sukta 2, Mantra 12

Sukta 2

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

दे॒वो अ॒ग्निः संक॑सुको दि॒वस्पृ॒ष्ठान्यारु॑हत्। मु॒च्यमा॑नो॒ निरेण॒सोऽमो॑ग॒स्मां अश॑स्त्याः

IAST Transliteration

devó agníḥ saṅkásuko divás pṛṣṭhā́ny ā́ruhat | mucyámāno nír énaso ’mógo ’smā́n aśástyāḥ ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Agni the God, saṅkasuka, hath mounted the heavenly ridges; being loosed forth from guilt, unfailing, he delivereth us from evil blame.

Translation

อัคนีผู้เป็นเทพ saṅkasuka ได้ขึ้นสู่สันหลังคาแห่งสวรรค์. เมื่อหลุดพ้นจากความผิดบาปแล้ว ผู้ไม่พลาดผล ย่อมปลดเราให้พ้นจากคำครหาอันชั่วร้าย.

Word by Word

• देवः: the god
• देवः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्निः: Agni (fire-god)
• अग्निः: कर्तृ (देवः अग्निः = समनाधिकरण-कर्तृ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• संकसुकः: having/like a ‘saṅkasuka’ (epithet; shining/bright—contextual)
• संकसुकः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: संकसुक (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/तत्पुरुष-समास, ‘संकसुकेन युक्तः/सदृशः’ इत्यर्थः)

• दिवः: of heaven
• दिवः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी-सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक: दिव्/द्यौ ‘heaven’)

• पृष्ठानि: backs/surfaces (upper regions)
• पृष्ठानि: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)

• आरुहत्: climbed/ascended
• आरुहत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रुह् (रुहँ आरोहणे)

• मुच्यमानः: being released / getting freed
• मुच्यमानः: कर्तृ-विशेषण (कर्मणि-प्रयोगार्थः: ‘being released’)
• Type: Verb (Participle)
• Root: √मुच् (मुचँ मोक्षणे)

• निः: out, forth
• निः: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: निः (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• एनसः: from sin/evil
• एनसः: अपादान
• Type: Noun
• Root: एनस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अमोगः: unfailing, not in vain
• अमोगः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अमोग (प्रातिपदिक; a- + मोग ‘vain/fruitless’)

• अस्मान्: us
• अस्मान्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अशस्त्याः: from reproach/curse (ill-fame)
• अशस्त्याः: अपादान
• Type: Noun
• Root: अशस्ति (प्रातिपदिक; a- + शस्ति ‘praise/commendation’, hence ‘blame, ill-fame/curse’)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (anukramaṇī-dependent).

Devata: Agni (as divine purifier and rescuer).

Chandas: Jagatī/triṣṭubh-short (uncertain; depends on recension and scansion).

Mantra Rasa

Primary: adbhuta

Secondary: shanta