Atharva Veda 12.2.10 — Kanda 12, Anuvaka 1, Sukta 2, Mantra 10

Sukta 2

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

क्र॒व्याद॑म॒ग्निं श॑शमा॒नमु॒क्थ्यं॑१ हि॑णोमि प॒थिभिः॑ पितृ॒याणैः॑ । मा दे॑व॒यानैः॒ पुन॒रा गा॒ अत्रै॒वैधि॑ पि॒तृषु॑ जागृहि॒ त्वम्

IAST Transliteration

kravyā́dam agníṃ śaśamānáṃ ukthyàṃ hiṇomi pathíbhiḥ pitṛyā́naiḥ | mā́ devayā́naiḥ púnar ā́ gā́ḥ átraiváidhí pitṛ́ṣu jāgṛhi tvám ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

The flesh-devouring Agni, now laid to rest, hymn-worthy, I send by the Fathers’ paths. By the Gods’ paths come not thou back again: there, even there, among the Fathers be thou kindled; among the Fathers keep watch, thou.

Translation

ข้าพเจ้าส่งอัคนี (Agni) ผู้กินเนื้อ ผู้ซึ่งบัดนี้ถูกวางให้สงบ และควรแก่บทสรรเสริญ ไปตามหนทางของบรรพชน. อย่าได้กลับมาอีกด้วยหนทางของเหล่าเทพ; ณ ที่นั้นเอง ณ ที่นั้น จงถูกจุดให้ลุกไหม้ท่ามกลางบรรพชน; ท่ามกลางบรรพชนจงเฝ้าระวังไว้ เธอเอ๋ย.

Word by Word

• क्रव्यादम्: flesh-eating (one)
• क्रव्यादम्: कर्म
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रव्याद (प्रातिपदिक; क्रवि- ‘कच्चा मांस’ + अद ‘भक्षक’)

• अग्निम्: Agni; fire
• अग्निम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• शशमानम्: being appeased/quieted
• शशमानम्: कर्म
• Type: Participle (Adjectival)
• Root: √शम् (शमुँ उपशमे) → शशमान (वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• उक्थ्यम्: worthy of hymns/praise
• उक्थ्यम्: कर्म
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उक्थ्य (प्रातिपदिक; उक्थ ‘स्तुति/ऋक्’ से)

• हिणोमि: I impel/drive (send)
• हिणोमि: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हि (हिणोति; प्रेरणे/गत्यर्थे)

• पथिभिः: by paths/ways
• पथिभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पथि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘मार्ग’)

• पितृयाणैः: by the ancestral paths (paths of the Fathers)
• पितृयाणैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: पितृयाण (प्रातिपदिक; पितृ + याण ‘गमन/मार्ग’)

• मा: do not
• मा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (निषेध)

• देवयानैः: by the divine paths (paths of the gods)
• देवयानैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: देवयान (प्रातिपदिक; देव + यान ‘मार्ग’)

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)

• आ: back; hither
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• गाः: go/come
• गाः: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (गच्छति) → गा (लोट्/विधिलिङ् रूप)

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)

• एव: indeed; just
• एव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)

• एधि: kindle/flourish
• एधि: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √इध् (इधँ दीप्तौ/वर्धने) → एधि

• पितृषु: among the Fathers/ancestors
• पितृषु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• जागृहि: be awake; keep watch
• जागृहि: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जागृ (जागर्ति) → जागृहि

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic funerary tradition (anukramaṇī-dependent).

Devata: Agni (kravyād); pitṛs as locus; implicit contrast with devas/devayāna.

Chandas: Mixed/triṣṭubh-like (varies by metrical reading).

Mantra Rasa

Primary: shanta

Secondary: bhayankara