Sutra 3

Devanagari script

आन्वीक्षिकी त्रयी वार्त्तानां योगक्षेमसाधनो दण्डः तस्य नीतिर्दण्ड नीतिः अलब्धलाभार्था लब्धपरिरक्षणी रक्षितविवर्धनी वृद्धस्य तीर्थे प्रतिपादनी च ॥ कZ_०१.४.०३ ॥

Transliteration

ānvīkṣikī trayī vārttānāṃ yogakṣemasādhano daṇḍaḥ tasya nītir daṇḍa-nītiḥ alabdhalābhārthā labdha-parirakṣaṇī rakṣita-vivardhanī vṛddhasya tīrthe pratipādanī ca

Translation

ดัณฑะ (อำนาจบังคับของรัฐ) เป็นสิ่งที่ค้ำจุนโยคเกษมะ (สวัสดิภาพและความมั่นคง) ของศาสตร์/กิจการทั้งสามคือ อานวีक्षิกี ตรยี และวารตตา วิธีของมันคือ ‘ทัณฑนีติ’ (นโยบายการลงโทษ): ทำให้ได้สิ่งที่ยังไม่ได้, คุ้มครองสิ่งที่ได้แล้ว, เพิ่มพูนสิ่งที่คุ้มครองไว้, และนำสิ่งที่สุกงอม/สั่งสมแล้ว (กำลัง/ทรัพย์) ไปจัดวางไว้ใน ‘ตีรถะ’ (ตำแหน่ง/หน่วยงานหรือจุดศูนย์กลางการบริหาร) ที่เหมาะสม

Word by Word

• आन्वीक्षिकी: the science of inquiry (logic/philosophy)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आन्वीक्षिकी
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (विद्या/शास्त्र-नाम)

• त्रयी: the triad (the three Vedas / Vedic learning)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रयी
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (विद्या-नाम)

• वार्त्तानाम्: of vārttā (economics: agriculture, cattle-rearing, trade)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वार्त्ता
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी बहुवचन

• योगक्षेमसाधनः: the means of acquisition and security (welfare)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: साधन
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; योगक्षेमस्य साधनः (दण्डस्य विशेषणम्)

• दण्डः: the rod; punishment/royal authority
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन

• तस्य: of that (of it)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: षष्ठी एकवचन (पुं/नपुं)

• नीतिः: policy; governance
• Type: Noun
• Root: नीति
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन

• दण्डनीतिः: the policy/science of punishment (statecraft)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्डनीति
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; दण्डस्य नीतिः

• अलब्धलाभार्था: aimed at gaining what has not yet been gained
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अर्थ
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; अलब्धस्य लाभः यस्याः सा / अलब्धलाभाय अर्था (नीतेः विशेषणम्)

• लब्धपरिरक्षणी: protecting what has been gained
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परिरक्षण
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; लब्धस्य परिरक्षणं करोति इति (नीतेः विशेषणम्)

• रक्षितविवर्धनी: increasing what has been protected
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विवर्धन
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; रक्षितस्य विवर्धनं करोति इति (नीतेः विशेषणम्)

• वृद्धस्य: of what has grown/been augmented
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: वृद्ध
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी एकवचन; ‘वृद्ध’ = वर्धित/समृद्ध (of what has grown)

• तीर्थे: in the ‘tīrthas’ (state offices/high officials)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तीर्थ
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी एकवचन

• प्रतिपादनी: to be assigned/established (i.e., providing for proper placement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रतिपादन
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; प्रतिपादनं करोति इति (नीतेः विशेषणम्)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

Entities Mentioned

• daṇḍa (coercive authority)
• daṇḍanīti (policy of enforcement)
• ānvīkṣikī
• trayī
• vārttā
• tīrtha (offices)

More Details

FAQs

What is the administrative intent behind defining daṇḍanīti in four functions?

It frames governance as a continuous cycle: acquire resources/advantages, secure them, expand them, and then routinize them through offices so gains become durable institutions rather than personal fortunes.

Why are ānvīkṣikī, trayī, and vārttā said to depend on daṇḍa for yogakṣema?

Because knowledge, norms, and the economy require enforceable order—without coercive authority, contracts, property, and social compliance become unstable.