Sutra 1

Devanagari script

कृषिपाशुपाल्ये वणिज्या च वार्ता ॥ कZ_०१.४.०१ ॥

Transliteration

kṛṣipāśupālye vaṇijyā ca vārtā

Translation

วารตา (เศรษฐกิจการเมือง) ประกอบด้วยเกษตรกรรม การเลี้ยงสัตว์ และการค้า.

Word by Word

• कृषि: agriculture; cultivation
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृष्
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (समाहार/विषय-निर्देशे)

• पाशुपाल्ये: animal husbandry; cattle-rearing
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाल् (पालन)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-द्विवचनम्; समासः—पशूनां पाल्ये (पशुपालनम्)

• वणिज्या: trade; commerce
• Type: Noun
• Root: वणिज्
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचनम्

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम्

• वार्ता: vārttā: the economic activity/means of livelihood (agriculture, animal husbandry, trade)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृत् (वर्तते) / वृत्त (नामधातु-सम्भव)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचनम्

More Details

FAQs

What is the strategic objective (Artha) of this verse?

To define the productive economic base of the state: food production, livestock wealth, and commerce. This clarifies what activities must be protected, regulated, and expanded to sustain revenue, supply the population, and support state power.

How does this apply to modern governance?

It maps to modern economic policy pillars: agriculture and food systems, livestock and allied rural industries, and trade/market regulation. Governments still treat these as core sectors for growth, resilience, price stability, and fiscal capacity.

What is the specific duty of the ruler/official mentioned?

No specific official is named here; the implied duty of the ruler is to prioritize, secure, and administratively organize these three sectors because they underpin public welfare (yogakshema) and the treasury that enables governance.