Sutra 15
Devanagari script
नित्यश्च शत्रुरुपकृते चापकृते च शत्रुरेव भवति अनित्यस्तु शत्रुरुपकारादनपकाराद्वा शाम्यति ॥ कZ_०७.१०.१५ ॥
Transliteration
nityaś ca śatrur upakṛte cāpakṛte ca śatrur eva bhavati; anityas tu śatrur upakārād anapakārād vā śāmyati.
Translation
ศัตรูถาวรยังคงเป็นศัตรู ไม่ว่าจะให้คุณหรือให้โทษ; แต่ศัตรูไม่ถาวรย่อมสงบลงได้ด้วยการให้ประโยชน์หรือด้วยการไม่ทำร้าย.
Word by Word
नित्यःpermanent, constant
नित्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनित्य
Formप्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः (विशेषणम्)
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम्
शत्रुःenemy
शत्रुः:
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
Formप्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः
उपकृतेeven when a favor has been done (to him)
उपकृते:
TypeAdjective (past passive participle used substantively)
Rootउपकृत
Formसप्तमी-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गः (कर्मणि कृदन्तः; ‘उपकारे कृते’ इत्यर्थे)
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम्
अपकृतेand even when harm has been done
अपकृते:
TypeAdjective (past passive participle used substantively)
Rootअपकृत
Formसप्तमी-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गः (कर्मणि कृदन्तः; ‘अपकारे कृते’ इत्यर्थे)
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम्
शत्रुःan enemy
शत्रुः:
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
Formप्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeParticle
Rootएव
Formअवधारणार्थक-अव्ययम्
भवतिremains/is
भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formलट्-लकारः, परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्
अनित्यःnon-permanent, temporary
अनित्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनित्य
Formप्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः (विशेषणम्)
तुbut, however
तु:
TypeParticle
Rootतु
Formविरोध/विशेषार्थक-अव्ययम्
शत्रुःan enemy
शत्रुः:
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
Formप्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः
उपकारात्because of a favor (received/done)
उपकारात्:
TypeNoun
Rootउपकार
Formपञ्चमी-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः (हेतौ/कारणे)
अनपकारात्or because of non-harm (i.e., absence of injury)
अनपकारात्:
TypeNoun
Rootअनपकार
Formपञ्चमी-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः (हेतौ/कारणे); ‘अन-’ नञ्-प्रत्ययः + ‘अपकार’
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्ययम्
शाम्यतिbecomes pacified, subsides
शाम्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootशम्
Formलट्-लकारः, परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्
Entities Mentioned
N
nitya-śatru (permanent enemy)A
anitya-śatru (contingent enemy)FAQs
It guides resource allocation: do not waste conciliatory concessions on a structurally hostile rival (nitya), but use benefit/non-harm to neutralize a situational rival (anitya) when it is cheaper than force.
Two low-cost instruments: positive inducements (upakāra) and restraint (anapakāra), i.e., calibrated reassurance and non-provocation.