Sutra 54
Devanagari script
प्रकीर्णिकावर्जान्येतान्येव चतुर्णामङ्गानां व्यस्तसमस्तानां वा घातः पक्षकक्षोरस्यानां च प्रभञ्जनमवस्कन्दः सौप्तिकं चेति हसिद्युद्धानि ॥ कZ_१०.५.५४ ॥
Transliteration
prakīrṇikāvarjānyetānyeva caturṇāmaṅgānāṃ vyastasamastānāṃ vā ghātaḥ pakṣakakṣorasyānāṃ ca prabhañjanamavaskandaḥ sauptikaṃ ceti hasidyuddhāni
Translation
ยกเว้นรูปขบวน ‘กระจาย’ แล้ว ที่เหลือใช้ได้เช่นเดิม; และมีการโจมตี “สี่ส่วน” ของกองทัพ ไม่ว่าจะกระจายหรือรวมกัน; รวมทั้งการทำลายปีก, ด้านข้าง (flank) และแนวหน้า; การบุกพรวด/จู่โจม (avaskanda); และการตีตอนกลางคืน (sauptika)—เหล่านี้คือรูปแบบการรบของกองช้าง।
Word by Word
प्रकीर्णिकाthe battle-type called “prakīrṇikā” (scattered/irregular engagement)
प्रकीर्णिका:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकीर्णिका
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (युद्धभेद-नाम)
अवर्जानिnon-exempt / not to be excluded
अवर्जानि:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootअवर्ज
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचन; ‘एतानि’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
एतानिthese
एतानि:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचन
एवindeed / only
एव:
TypeParticle
Rootएव
Formनिपात
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चयार्थक निपात
चतुर्णाम्of the four
चतुर्णाम्:
TypeNumeral (adjectival)
Rootचतुर्
Formषष्ठी बहुवचन
अङ्गानाम्of the limbs/arms (of the fourfold army)
अङ्गानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअङ्ग
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी बहुवचन
व्यस्तसमस्तानाम्whether deployed separately or together (in combination)
व्यस्तसमस्तानाम्:
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootव्यस्त-समस्त
Formषष्ठी बहुवचन; ‘अङ्गानाम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formविकल्पार्थक निपात
घातःthe battle-type called “ghāta” (assault/striking)
घातः:
TypeNoun
Rootघात
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (युद्धभेद-नाम)
पक्षकक्षोरस्यानाम्of the flank/wing, the side, and the front/centre (positions of an array)
पक्षकक्षोरस्यानाम्:
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootपक्ष-कक्ष-उरस्य
Formषष्ठी बहुवचन; ‘प्रभञ्जनम्’ इत्यस्य सम्बन्धः
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चयार्थक निपात
प्रभञ्जनम्the battle-type “prabhañjana” (shattering/breaking attack)
प्रभञ्जनम्:
TypeNoun (action noun)
Rootप्र-भञ्ज्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (युद्धभेद-नाम)
अवस्कन्दःthe battle-type “avaskanda” (sudden raid/onslaught)
अवस्कन्दः:
TypeNoun (action noun)
Rootअव-स्कन्द्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (युद्धभेद-नाम)
सौप्तिकम्the battle-type “sauptika” (attack while the enemy is asleep)
सौप्तिकम्:
TypeNoun/Adjective (used as noun)
Rootसौप्तिक
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (युद्धभेद-नाम)
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चयार्थक निपात
इतिthus / namely
इति:
TypeParticle/Quotative
Rootइति
Formइत्यादि-समाप्त्यर्थक अव्यय
हसिद्युद्धानिthese are the ‘hasi’-type battles (a named class of battle-modes)
हसिद्युद्धानि:
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootहसि-युद्ध
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; ‘युद्धानि’ प्रधानम्
Entities Mentioned
H
hasti (elephants)C
catur-aṅga (four arms of the army)P
pakṣaK
kakṣaU
urasS
sauptika (night raid)FAQs
Elephants function best as concentrated shock; dispersal reduces impact and increases control problems and vulnerability.