Sutra 53

Devanagari script

अभिसृतं परिसृतमतिसृतमपसृतमुन्मथ्यावधानं वलयो गोमूत्रिका मण्डलं प्रकीर्णिका व्यावृत्तपृष्ठमनुवंशमग्रतः पार्श्वाभ्यां पृष्ठतो भग्नरक्षा भग्नानुपात इत्यश्वयुद्धानि ॥ कZ_१०.५.५३ ॥

Transliteration

abhisṛtaṃ parisṛtamatisṛtamapasṛtamunmathyāvadhānaṃ valayo gomūtrikā maṇḍalaṃ prakīrṇikā vyāvṛttapṛṣṭhamanuvaṃśamagrataḥ pārśvābhyāṃ pṛṣṭhato bhagnarakṣā bhagnānupāta ityaśvayuddhāni

Translation

นี่คือรูปแบบการรบของทหารม้า: บุกตรง, เคลื่อนล้อมวง, กวาดโจมตีที่ยืดออกไกลเกิน, ถอนตัว, แสร้งก่อกวนแล้วกลับมาโจมตีด้วยความระวัง/ตั้งใจใหม่, จัดเป็นวงแหวน, การเคลื่อนแบบ ‘ปัสสาวะวัว’ (คดเคี้ยวเหมือนงู), จัดเป็นวงกลม, จัดกระจาย, กลับตัวหันหลัง (rear-facing) เคลื่อน, ไล่ตามแนวขบวนศัตรู, โจมตีจากด้านหน้า, จากปีก/ด้านข้าง, จากด้านหลัง, ทำลายแนวคุ้มกันของศัตรู, และไล่ติดตามเมื่อแนวคุ้มกันแตกแล้ว।

Word by Word

• अभिसृतम्: (formation/movement) ‘advancing/closing in’
• Type: Participle/Adjective
• Root: सृ
• Form: कृदन्त; क्त-प्रत्यय (भूतकर्मणि/भूतभावे); नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; उपसर्गः अभि-

• परिसृतम्: ‘circling/encircling movement’
• Type: Participle/Adjective
• Root: सृ
• Form: कृदन्त; क्त; नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; उपसर्गः परि-

• अतिसृतम्: ‘overpassing/going beyond’
• Type: Participle/Adjective
• Root: सृ
• Form: कृदन्त; क्त; नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; उपसर्गः अति-

• अपसृतम्: ‘withdrawing/retreating’
• Type: Participle/Adjective
• Root: सृ
• Form: कृदन्त; क्त; नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; उपसर्गः अप-

• उन्मथ्य: ‘having churned up/disordered’
• Type: Gerund
• Root: मथ्
• Form: क्त्वान्त (ल्यप्) अव्यय; उपसर्गः उत्-; अर्थः ‘उन्मथनं कृत्वा’

• अवधानम्: ‘a tactical disposition/holding (formation)’
• Type: Noun
• Root: अव-धा
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; भाववाचक-संज्ञा

• वलयः: ‘ring (circular) formation’
• Type: Noun
• Root: वलय
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचनम्

• गोमूत्रिका: ‘gomūtrikā’ (a looping/curved tactical formation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोमूत्रिका
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचनम्; संज्ञा (व्यूहभेदः)

• मण्डलम्: ‘circle formation’
• Type: Noun
• Root: मण्डल
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्

• प्रकीर्णिका: ‘scattered formation’
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रकीर्णिका
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचनम्; संज्ञा

• व्यावृत्तपृष्ठम्: ‘with the rear turned about / about-facing’
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: वृत्त (from √वृत्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; समासः व्यावृत्त + पृष्ठ; ‘पृष्ठं व्यावृत्तं यस्य तत्’

• अनुवंशम्: ‘in succession/in a file (following the line)’
• Type: Noun/Adverbial accusative
• Root: वंश
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचनम्; उपसर्गसदृश-पूर्वपद ‘अनु-’ (अनुवंश = क्रम/परम्परा/पङ्क्ति-अनुगमन)

• अग्रतः: ‘in front/forward’
• Type: Indeclinable (Adverb)
• Root: अग्र
• Form: अव्यय; तसिल्-प्रत्ययार्थकं क्रियाविशेषणम्

• पार्श्वाभ्याम्: ‘from/with the two flanks (sides)’
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्श्व
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (क्वचित् पुं); तृतीया/पञ्चमी/सप्तमी द्विवचनम्; यहाँ तृतीया ‘दोनों पार्श्वों से’

• पृष्ठतः: ‘from behind/at the rear’
• Type: Indeclinable (Adverb)
• Root: पृष्ठ
• Form: अव्यय; तसिल्-प्रत्ययार्थकं क्रियाविशेषणम्

• भग्नरक्षा: ‘broken defense/guard’
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: रक्षा
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचनम्; समासः भग्ना + रक्षा

• भग्नानुपातः: ‘pursuit of a broken (routed) force’
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: अनुपात
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचनम्; समासः भग्न + अनुपात

• इति: ‘thus’
• Type: Particle
• Root: इति
• Form: अव्यय; उद्धरण/समाप्त्यर्थक

• अश्वयुद्धानि: ‘cavalry tactics/formations’
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्वयुद्ध
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचनम्; ‘अश्वानां युद्धानि’ = अश्वयुद्धानि

Entities Mentioned

• aśva (cavalry)

More Details

FAQs

Why list many named cavalry maneuvers?

It standardizes a tactical vocabulary for commanders, enabling rapid orders and consistent training across units.