Sutra 52
Devanagari script
समा विषमा व्यामिश्रा वा भूमिरिति पुरस्तात्पार्श्वाभ्यां पश्चाच्च ज्ञेया ॥ कZ_१०.३.५२ ॥
Transliteration
samā viṣamā vyāmiśrā vā bhūmir iti purastāt pārśvābhyāṃ paścāc ca jñeyā
Translation
ควรประเมินภูมิประเทศว่าเป็นที่ราบ ที่ขรุขระ หรือแบบผสม โดยตรวจดูจากด้านหน้า จากปีกทั้งสอง และจากด้านหลัง
Word by Word
समाlevel/even (ground)
समा:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; भूमिः-विशेषणम्
विषमाuneven/irregular (ground)
विषमा:
TypeAdjective
Rootविषम
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; भूमिः-विशेषणम्
व्यामिश्राmixed (partly even, partly uneven)
व्यामिश्रा:
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यमिश्र
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; भूमिः-विशेषणम्
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्ययम्
भूमिःland/ground
भूमिः:
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन
इतिthus (as stated)
इति:
TypeParticle
Rootइति
Formइत्यादि-समाप्त्यर्थक-अव्ययम्; उद्धरण/निर्देशचिह्नम्
पुरस्तात्in front; to the east/fore side
पुरस्तात्:
TypeAdverb
Rootपुरस्तात्
Formदेशवाचक-अव्ययम्
पार्श्वाभ्याम्by/at the two sides (flanks)
पार्श्वाभ्याम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्श्व
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (पार्श्वम्); तृतीया/पञ्चमी/सप्तमी द्विवचन; अत्र तृतीया (करण/सह) — ‘पार्श्वयोः’ = on/by the two sides
पश्चात्behind; to the west/back side
पश्चात्:
TypeAdverb
Rootपश्चात्
Formदेशवाचक-अव्ययम्
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम्
ज्ञेयाshould be known/ascertained
ज्ञेया:
TypeVerb (gerundive)
Rootज्ञा
Formकृदन्तः (तव्यत्/यत्-प्रत्ययः; विधिलिङ्गार्थक-कर्तव्यता); स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोगः; ‘भूमिः … ज्ञेया’ = ‘भूमिः ज्ञातव्या/निर्धार्या’
Entities Mentioned
B
bhūmiFAQs
Because retreat routes, supply lines, and vulnerability to encirclement depend on rear terrain; Kautilya institutionalizes a 360-degree security mindset.