Sutra 25
Devanagari script
केशाकेशिकं संग्रहणमुपलिङ्गनाद्वा शरीरोपभोगानाम् तज्जातेभ्यः (तज्ज्ञातेभ्यः) स्त्रीवचनाद्वा ॥ कZ_०४.१२.३५ ॥
Transliteration
keśākeśikaṃ saṃgrahaṇam upaliṅganād vā śarīropabhogānām tajjātebhyaḥ (tajjñātebhyaḥ) strīvacanād vā
Translation
หลักฐานเพื่อยืนยันการเสพสังวาสอาจได้จากการดึงผมกัน (ร่องรอยการต่อสู้), การจับยึดไว้โดยใช้กำลัง, การกอดรัด หรือการกระทำทำนองเดียวกัน; และยังอาจได้จากบุคคลประเภทนั้น (หรือผู้รู้ข้อเท็จจริง) หรือจากคำให้การของหญิงเองด้วย.
Word by Word
केशाकेशिकम्hair-pulling (mutual seizing of hair)
केशाकेशिकम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकेश + केश
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; द्वन्द्व-समास (केश + केश) + -इक (भाव/क्रिया-नाम)
संग्रहणम्seizing; holding; restraining
संग्रहणम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसम् + ग्रह्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; कृदन्त-नाम (ल्युट्/अन) ‘ग्रहण’
उपलिङ्गनात्from embracing; by hugging
उपलिङ्गनात्:
TypeNoun
Rootउप + लिङ्ग्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, पञ्चमी; कृदन्त-नाम (ल्युट्)
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formअव्यय; विकल्पार्थक
शरीरbody
शरीर:
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; समास-पूर्वपद (उपभोगानाम् में)
उपभोगानाम्of bodily enjoyments/sexual acts (with the body)
उपभोगानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootउप + भुज्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, षष्ठी; ‘शरीरोपभोग’ इति षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (शरीरस्य उपभोगः)
तत्that; such (act)
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; सर्वनाम
जातेभ्यःfrom those of the same kind; from similar (acts)
जातेभ्यः:
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootजात
Formपुं/नपुंसक, बहुवचन, पञ्चमी/षष्ठी; ‘जात’ (उत्पन्न/सम्भूत)
तत्that; such
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; सर्वनाम (पाठान्तर ‘तज्ज्ञातेभ्यः’ हेतु)
ज्ञातेभ्यःfrom known (instances)
ज्ञातेभ्यः:
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootज्ञात
Formपुं/नपुंसक, बहुवचन, पञ्चमी/षष्ठी; ‘ज्ञात’ (विदित/known)
स्त्रीwoman
स्त्री:
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, एकवचन; समास-पूर्वपद (स्त्रीवचनाद्वा)
वचनात्from the woman’s statement/testimony
वचनात्:
TypeNoun
Rootवच्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, पञ्चमी; ‘स्त्रीवचन’ इति षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (स्त्रियाः वचनम्)
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formअव्यय; विकल्पार्थक
Entities Mentioned
W
woman (strī)W
witnesses/knowers (tajjñātebhyaḥ)FAQs
Physical struggle indicators (e.g., hair-pulling), restraint/seizure, embracing and related acts, plus testimony from relevant/knowing persons and the woman’s own statement.
To operationalize adjudication by listing observable indicators and admissible testimony, reducing discretion and making enforcement more uniform.