Agni Purana — Bhuvanakosha & Tirtha-mahatmya, Shloka 16

Chapter 108 — भुवनकोषः

Bhuvana-kośa: The Structure of the Worlds

Devanagari script

अरुणोदं महाभद्रं संशितोदं समानसं शिताभश् चक्रमुञ्जाद्याः पूर्वतः केशराचलाः

Transliteration

aruṇodaṃ mahābhadraṃ saṃśitodaṃ samānasaṃ śitābhaś cakramuñjādyāḥ pūrvataḥ keśarācalāḥ

Translation

ทางทิศตะวันออกมีภูเขา อรุโณท มหาภัทร สํศิโทท สมานสะ ศิตาภะ และภูเขาที่ขึ้นต้นด้วยจักรมุญชะ; ณ ที่นั้นยังมีเทือกเขาเกศราจละด้วย.

Word by Word

• अरुणोदम्: Aruṇoda (name)
• अरुणोदम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अरुणोद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); सरो/वन-नाम

• महाभद्रम्: Mahābhadra (name)
• महाभद्रम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाभद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular; कर्मधारयः (महान् भद्रः)

• संशितोदम्: Saṃśitoda (name)
• संशितोदम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संशितोद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular; नाम

• समानसम्: Samānasa (name)
• समानसम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समानस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular; नाम

• शिताभः: Śitābha (name)
• शिताभः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिताभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st), Singular; कर्मधारयः (शितः आभः/आभा यस्य)

• चक्रमुञ्ज-आद्याः: Cakramuñja and others
• चक्रमुञ्ज-आद्याः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चक्रमुञ्ज (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st), Plural (बहुवचन); तत्पुरुषः—‘चक्रमुञ्जः आदिः येषाम्’ (and others beginning with Cakramuñja)

• पूर्वतः: to the east
• पूर्वतः: Desha (देश/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पूर्वतः (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण), directional

• केशर-अचलाः: the Keśara mountains
• केशर-अचलाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: केशर (प्रातिपदिक) + अचल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st), Plural; तत्पुरुषः—‘केशर-नामकाः अचलाः’

Speaker

Lord Agni (narrating to the sage Vasiṣṭha)

Vidya Category

Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Cosmology","secondary_vidya":"Samanya","practical_application":"Cataloging and orienting mountain ranges in Jambūdvīpa for Purāṇic geography recitation, teaching, and mnemonic mapping.","sutra_style":true}

Encyclopedic Reference

Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"List","entry_title":"Eastern mountain list: Aruṇoda, Mahābhadra, Saṃśitoda, Samānasa, Śitābha, Cakramuñja… and Keśara range","lookup_keywords":["Aruṇoda","Mahābhadra","Saṃśitoda","Cakramuñja","Keśarācala"],"quick_summary":"Provides an east-direction enumeration of named mountains and indicates the Keśara mountain-range as part of the eastern sacred topography."}

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: World-description as a knowledge-system: naming and ordering features stabilizes cosmological imagination and transmission.

Application: Mnemonic recitation and pedagogical mapping: students learn directional lists to reconstruct the Purāṇic world-schema.

Khanda Section

Khanda Section: Bhugola / Jambudvipa-Varnana (Geography and sacred topography)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: Mountain/Range

Visual Art Cues

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A sunrise-lit eastern horizon with a sequence of mountains labeled Aruṇoda, Mahābhadra, Saṃśitoda, Samānasa, Śitābha, Cakramuñja and the Keśara range, arranged as a layered chain.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, stylized tiered mountains in the eastern panel, warm dawn tones, each peak with small label cartouches, decorative flora, sacred ambience","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting, gold-highlighted mountain ridges, embossed labels, rich vermilion dawn sky, ornamental framing, emphasis on sacred grandeur","mysore_prompt":"Mysore style, clear instructional landscape with sequential peaks, fine linework and soft gradients, labels placed neatly, minimal figures to keep focus on geography","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, detailed rocky textures and atmospheric layers, sunrise palette, precise labeling of peaks, delicate vegetation and birds for scale"}

Audio Atmosphere

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":"Ahir Bhairav","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: शिताभश् = शिताभः (visarga before c); चक्रमुञ्जाद्याः = चक्रमुञ्ज-आद्याः; केशराचलाः = केशर-अचलाः

Cross References

Related Themes: Agni Purana 108 (directional mountain enumerations)

Characters & Entities

• Aruṇoda
• Mahābhadra
• Saṃśitoda
• Samānasa
• Śitābha
• Cakramuñja
• Keśarācala

FAQs

What technical or ritual knowledge (Vidya) is imparted in this verse?

It imparts bhūgola-vidyā (sacred geography): a directional catalogue of eastern mountain ranges used in Purāṇic cosmology and pilgrimage-topography mapping.

How does this verse contribute to the 'Encyclopedic' nature of the Agni Purana?

By preserving a structured, direction-wise gazetteer of place-names and ranges, it adds a geographic-cosmological module to the text’s broader compendium (ritual, polity, poetics, medicine, etc.).

What is the spiritual or karmic significance of this specific instruction?

Knowing and reciting sacred topography is traditionally treated as smaraṇa of tīrtha-kṣetras and cosmic order (ṛta), supporting devotional orientation and reinforcing dharmic worldview through remembrance of holy regions.