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Rig Veda 4.1.15: Mandala 4, Sukta 1, Mantra 15

Sukta 4.1

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Agni (as power that enables the opening through divine speech)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

ते गव्यता मनसा दृध्रमुब्धं गा येमानं परि षन्तमद्रिम् । दृळ्हं नरो वचसा दैव्येन व्रजं गोमन्तमुशिजो वि वव्रुः ॥

té gavyatā́ mánasā dṛdhrám ubdháṃ gā́ yémānaṃ pári ṣántam ádrim | dṛḷháṃ náro vácasā daivyéna vrajáṃ gó-mantam uśíjo ví vavrúḥ ||

వారు, గవ్యతా—కిరణాల ఆకాంక్షతో, మనసుతో వెలుగులను ఆపి ఉంచిన దృఢమైన అడ్డుకట్ట రాయిని చుట్టుముట్టారు. ఆ నర-ఉశిజులు దైవ వచనంతో బలమైన వ్రజాన్ని విప్పారు; కాంతిమయ గోసంపదతో నిండిన గోమంతమైన పెన్నును వెలికి తీశారు.

तेthey (those men)
ते:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
गव्यताwith desire for cattle / in quest of cows
गव्यता:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun (abstract)
Rootगव्यत्/गव्यता (गो-सम्बन्धी इच्छा/अन्वेषण; प्रातिपदिक)
मनसाwith (their) mind
मनसा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootमनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
दृध्रम्firm, strong
दृध्रम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदृध्र (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक; दृढ-भाव)
उब्धम्compacted, massed (together)
उब्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective (past participial)
Rootउब्ध (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √उभ्/उन्ध्? ‘to press/heap up, make compact’—RV-archaic)
गाःcows
गाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
येwho
ये:
Kartā
TypePronoun (relative)
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
ईमानम्moving, going (about)
ईमानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootईमान (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक; ‘going/setting in motion’, RV)
परिaround
परि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
षन्तम्sitting, lying (there)
षन्तम्:
Karma
TypeParticiple (present)
Root√सद् (सीदति) → सन्त्/षन्त् (वर्तमान कृदन्त; RV sandhi/phonetics)
अद्रिम्the rock, stone (obstacle)
अद्रिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअद्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
दृळ्हम्firm, hard
दृळ्हम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदृळ्ह/दृढ (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक; RV form)
नरःmen, heroes
नरः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
वचसाwith speech/word
वचसा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootवचस् (प्रातिपदिक)
दैव्येनdivine
दैव्येन:
Karaṇa
TypeAdjective
Rootदैव्य (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक; देव-सम्बन्धी)
व्रजम्enclosure, pen, fold
व्रजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्रज (प्रातिपदिक)
गोमन्तम्rich in cows
गोमन्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगोमन्त् (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
उशिजःthe eager ones (Uśij-s)
उशिजः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootउशिज् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘eager/zealous ones’, often of priests/Angirases)
विapart, asunder, forth
वि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
वव्रुःthey opened/uncovered (it)
वव्रुः:
TypeVerb
Root√वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते; ‘to cover/enclose’ → ‘to open/uncover’ in vi- + redupl. perfect RV)

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